Download AG-BAS-02.471-07.3p a-Plant_Parts_Darrin_Holle

Basic Parts of the Plant
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August 2008
Roots
Stems
Leaves
Flower
Roots
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2.
3.
4.
August 2008
Anchor Plant
Absorb water and minerals
Translocate water and minerals to stem
Store Food
Stems
• 1. Translocate water, minerals and food to
the leaves
• 2. Support the leaves and display them to
light
• 3. Store Food
August 2008
Leaves
• 1. Make food through photosynthesis
• 2. Provide site of gas exchange
• 3. Store food
August 2008
Flowers
• 1. Contain organs for specialized sexual
production
• 2. Produce seeds and fruit
August 2008
Different type of Roots
• A. Tap Root
– Continuation of the primary root
– Ideal for anchorage
– Penetration is greater for water
– Storage area for food made by
photosynthesis
August 2008
ARE YOU PAYING
ATTENTION?
• THERE JUST MAY BE A QUIZ!!!
August 2008
Different type of Roots
• B. Fibrous Roots
– Many finely branched secondary roots
– Shallow roots cover a large area
• More effective absorption of water and minerals
• Roots hold the soil to prevent erosion
August 2008
Different type of Roots
• C. Aerial roots
– Clinging air roots
• Short roots that grow horizontally from the stems
• Roots that fasten the plant to a support
– Absorptive air roots
August 2008
Different type of Roots
• Adventitious Roots
– Develop in places other than nodes
– Can form on cuttings and rhizomes
August 2008
Roots
• Root hairs:
– Tiny one celled hair like extensions of the epidermal
cells located near the tips of the roots where vascular
tissues have formed.
– Increase surface area
– Absorb water and minerals from soil
August 2008
Specialized Stems
• A. Corm (gladiolus, crocus)
– underground
– Solid, fleshy, scale covered
August 2008
WAKE UP!!!!!!!!!!!!
• DON’T FALL ASLEEP
• PAY ATTENTION!
• THIS MEANS YOU!!!
August 2008
Specialized Stems
• B. Bulb (tulips, lillies, onions)
– Layers of fleshy scales that overlap each
other
– Underground stem
August 2008
Specialized Stems
• C. Tuber (potato, caladium)
– Food storage area
– Short, thick underground stem
August 2008
Specialized Stems
• D. Crown (African Violets, fern)
– Closely grouped stems or plantlets
– Just above ground or just below
August 2008
Specialized Stems
• E. Spurs (pear and
apple trees)
– Short sems found on
woody plant limbs
adapted for increased
production of fruits
August 2008
Specialized Stems
• F. Rhizomes (iris, lily of the valley)
– Underground stems that produce roots on the
lower surface and extend leaves and flower
shoots above the ground
August 2008
Specialized Stems
• G. Stolon (Strawberry, airplane plant)
– Stem that grows horizontally above the soil
surface
August 2008
Principal Tissues of the Leaf
• Epidermis
– Cuticle
• Waxy substance covers the leaves and stems
• Waterproof layer that keeps water in plants
August 2008
Principal Tissues of the Leaf
• Epidermis (cont)
– Stomata
• Openings in the epidermis mainly located on
underside of leaves
• Exchange of gases
August 2008
Principal Tissues of the Leaf
• Epidermis (cont)
– Guard Cells
• Two cells located on each side of stomata
• Open and closes stomata
August 2008
Principal Tissues of the Leaf
• Mesophyll layer
– Palisade mesophyll
• Primary site of photosynthesis
– Spongy mesophyll
• Contains air and chloroplasts
• Site of photosynthesis and gas exchange
August 2008
Principal Tissues of the Leaf
• Veins or vascular bundles
– In spongy mesophyll
– Phloem tissues conduct food from photosynthesis to
rest of plant
– Xylem tissues conduct water and minerals up to cells
in leaves and stems
August 2008
Parts of the Flower
• Sepals
– Outer covering of the flower bud
– Protects the stamens and pistills when flower
is in bud stage
August 2008
Parts of the Flower
• Petals
– Brightly colored
– Protects stamen and pistills
– Attracts pollinating insects
August 2008
Parts of the Flower
• Stamens
– Male Reproductive part
– Anther-produces pollen
– Filament-supports the anther
August 2008
Parts of the Flower
• Pistil
– Female reproductive part
– Ovary
• Enlarged portion at base of pistill
• Produces ovules which develop into seeds
– Stigma
• Holds the pollen grains
August 2008
Parts of the Flower
• Style
– Connects the stigma with ovary
– Supports the stigma so that it can be
pollinated
August 2008
Complete and Incomplete
Flowers
• Complete: have all four main parts
– Sepals
– Petals
– Stamens
– Pistils
August 2008