Download Chapter 18 Study guide

Chapter 18 Study guide
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You may use a 4X6 notecard for the test. If you do not have a 4X6 card, you may cut a piece of
paper to those dimensions.
The only extra credit that is available for this test is the Taxonomy project! It would be a good
idea to attempt the project.
Multiple Choice (15 questions)
One reason common names are not useful to biologists is that: they can apply to more than one animal
At any level of organization, groups that have biological meaning are referred to as: (cladograms,
binomials, taxa, or systems)taxa
According to the rules of binominal nomenclature, which of the terms is capitalized? Genus
Often, the second part of a scientific name is:
A description of a trait or habitat, the species name only, the genus and species names, neither
the genus nor species names
When classifying organisms, a monophyletic group includes one: ancestor and all its descendants
The grouping of organisms based on their common descent is called: evolutionary classification
In contrast to Linnaean taxonomy, cladistics analysis considers only which kind of traits, or character, for
analysis? Derived characters
What does cladistics analysis show about organisms?
The importance of each derived character, the relative degrees of relatedness among lineages,
the general fitness of the organisms, all traits of each organism analyzed
What does the presence of similar DNA sequences in the genes in very dissimilar organisms imply? The
organisms share a common anscestor
What cell structures in eukaryotic cells contain DNA that can be used to determine evolutionary
relationships? Nuclei and mitochondria
Which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell wells of chitin? Fungi
Why is the kingdom Protista not valid under evolutionary classification? Protista contains groups that
share closest common ancestors with other groups, rather than with each other
The domain that contains unicellular organisms that live in extreme environments is: Archaea
What is thought to be true about the three domains of living things? They diverged from a common
ancestor before the evolution of the main groups of eukaryotes
The two domains composed of only unicellular organisms are: Archaea and Bacteria
True/False (2 questions)
Usrus maritimus, Ursus refers to the species. False, genus
Modern biologists build classification diagrams called cladograms that reflect lines of evolutionary
descent. True
Completion (4 questions)
In systematics, the class Mammalia is grouped with the classes Aves, Reptilia, Amphibia, and all classes
of fishes into the ____phylum________ Chordata.
In __Linnaen/traditional classification___________________, groups of organisms were formed on the
basis of physical traits rather than evolutionary relationships.
The domain __Eukarya___________ contains plants, fungi, protists, and animals, which are all
eukaryotes.
The domain __Bacteria__________ is composed of the Kingdom Eubacteria.
Science Skills
Use the diagram below to answer the following questions on the lines provided.
Classification of Four Organisms
Corn
Whale Shark
Humpback
Whale
Spider Monkey
Kingdom
Plantae
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Anthophyta
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Class
Monocotyledones
Chondrichthyes
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Commelinales
Squaliformes
Cetacea
Primates
Family
Poaceae
Rhincodontidae
Balaenopteridae
Atelidae
Genus
Zea
Rhincodon
Megaptera
Ateles
Species
Zea mays
Rhinacodon typus
Megaptera
novaeangilae
Ateles paniscus
Figure 18–2
22. Interpret Tables Which two organisms listed in Figure 18–2 are most closely related to each
other? Explain.
23. Interpret Tables Which level of taxonomic category shown in Figure 18–2 indicates whether an
organism is a mammal or not?
24. Interpret Tables How many different kingdoms are represented by the organisms listed in
Figure 18–2? What are they?
25. Infer Consider the following statement: “Size and shape are NOT reliable indicators of how
closely different organisms are related.” What information shown in Figure 18–2 supports this
statement?