Download Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus THE EVOLUTION

I.
MethicillianResistant
Staphylococcus
Aureus
THE EVOLUTION
OF BACTERIA©
Drug-resistant staph
lurks in many places
By Anita Manning, USA TODAY
Antibiotic-Resistant Staph More
Common
June 25, 2007; Page B5
Increase In CommunityAssociated Staph Infections
Involving Antibiotic-Resistant
Bacteria
02 Jun 2007
'Superbugs' Could 'Dwarf' AIDS, Flu
CHICAGO and NEW YORK, June 22, 2006
(CBS) Public health officials are
becoming increasingly alarmed by the
growing number of illnesses caused by
antibiotic-resistant staph bacteria.
Drug Resistant Staph Bacteria
a Global Problem
Wednesday, June 21, 2006
Sunday, Jun 18, 2006
Surviving the New Killer Bug
A nasty, drug-resistant staph infection--the
kind usually seen in hospitals--is racing
across the U.S.
By CHRISTINE GORMAN
MSNBC.com
Drug-resistant germs on the rise,
doctors warn
Study: More Americans acquiring hard-to
treat staph infections
The Associated Press
Updated: 1:59 p.m. ET April 8, 2005
'Superbugs' spread fear far and
wide
Drug-resistant staph infections no longer
threaten just hospital patients,
for reasons unknown, they're striking even
healthy children and adults
Staph infections spreading
across the United States as key
antibiotic loses punch
Posted: Wednesday, Jun 21, 2006 - 03:04:36 pm CDT
ASM: Resistant Staph
Bacteria Survive on Bed
Linen for Days, Keyboards
for Weeks
By Katrina Woznicki , MedPage Today Staff Writer
Reviewed by Robert Jasmer, MD; Assistant Professor of Medicine,
University of California, San Francisco
Source News Article: CNN, MSNBC, Yahoo! News
HICPAC/SHEA Guidelines Debate
New Research Estimates
MRSA Infections Cost U.S.
Hospitals $3.2 Billion to $4.2
Billion Annually
Posted on: 05/16/2005
National Prevalence Study of MethicillinResistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in
U.S. Healthcare Facilities
June 25, 2007, 12:01 am EDT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In October and November 2006, the Association for Professionals in
Infection and Epidemiology (APIC) conducted a national MRSA
prevalence study. … Data show that 46 out of every 1,000
patients in the study were either infected or colonized with
MRSA. This rate is between 8 and 11 times greater than
previous MRSA estimates.
Source: Association for Professionals in Infection and Epidemiology (APIC)
II. MRSA ENTERS
THE COMMUNITY
STAPH
(Staphylococcus aureus) In existence for as long as we know, very
common and normally harmless. Approx. 35% of population are carriers
MRSA
(Methicillian-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) Also called Hospital
Acquired (HA-MRSA). Traditionally confined to healthcare settings, first
identified in the 1960’s. Requires use of “last resort” antibiotics.
CA-MRSA
(Community Acquired - Methicillian-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus)
Identified in late 1990’s. No healthcare exposure necessary. Infects normally
healthy people. Penetrates skin through open wounds and abrasions. Evolving
rapidly. Produces deadly toxin (panton-Valentine leukocidin) in bones, joints,
bloodstream and major organs. Current est. up to 52 million carriers - today.
Often the symptoms are
initially described as “spider
bites”. Red bumps on the skin
or red, dry, chapped skin.
Left untreated, these
infections soon become far
more severe, invading the
body’s organs and
bloodstream. At this point,
these infections are life
threatening.
Following photos are very graphic
CA-MRSA can develop into
pneumonia, “flesh eating” bacteria,
cause blood toxicity, septic shock
and eventually organ failure.
MRSA has developed a resistance
to the most common antibiotics,
such as;
Penicillin
Keflex
Cephalexin
Late 1990’s, MRSA infections were identified
in non-healthcare environments, such as:
Schools
Correctional facilities
Athletic teams
Health and fitness clubs
Military housing
Other areas of close quartering
APIC estimates that currently up to 5% of the
population carries MRSA in their noses –
POSSIBLY AS MANY AS 52 MILLION
PEOPLE WORDWIDE
Source: APIC (Association for Professionals in Infection and Epidemiology)
MRSA spreads in the community through:
Skin-to-skin contact
Cuts and open wounds
Abraded or chaffed skin
Exacerbated by:
Poor hygiene
Overcrowded living conditions
Communal or shared items
Main risk factors:
Age
Living Conditions
Weakened Immune System
Activities (ie. contact sports, frequent skin abrasions,
exposure to bodily fluids, …)
Sharing personal items (ie. Towels, uniforms, clothing,
athletic gear, razors, …)
Contact with healthcare workers
Recent hospitalization
Use of certain antibiotics
III. WHAT IS
NEXT?
The next pandemic?
Avian (bird) flu
SARS
Clostridium difficile (C. Diff.)
E. Coli
Hepatitis A & B
HIV
Herpes
Salmonella
Parvo virus
IV. PROACTIVE
APPROACH
“Best offense is a good defense”
Where do you need protection?
Wherever MRSA thrives!
HANDS &
SKIN
CAFETERIA,
COMPUTER ROOM,
CLASSROOM …
UNIFORMS &
TOWELS
BED LINENS,
COMFORTERS,
BLANKETS &
PADDING
SHOWERS, LOCKER
ROOMS, EXERCISE
& THERAPY
EQUIPMENT
How do we stop cross-contamination and infection from
bacteria, viruses, spores, fungus …?
At the source - we prevent the spread!
CLEAN
 Wash hands
 Wash environmental contact surfaces
 Wash clothing, linens, towels, uniforms, equipment…
SANITIZE
 Hands and skin with residual sanitizer
 Hard surfaces treated with active anti-microbial
 Washable textiles with residual, self-sanitizing finish
HANDS & SKIN
 FDA Approved
 Alcohol-free
 Non- flammable
 No water or towels required
 Non-sticky and won’t dry out skin
 Does not remove protective body oils
 Greaseless, no-drip FOAM
 Residual anti-microbial activity
 Efficacy increases with use
Benzalkonium Chloride-based products exhibit increased efficacy with use.
Ethyl Alcohol-based products decline in performance!
Ethyl Alcohol-based products fall below FDA
Minimum Standards within 3 - 4 uses!
SURFACES
SureClean™
Hard Surface Disinfectant and Sanitizer
 EPA Registered
 Disinfectant, Sanitizer, Mildewstat, Fungicide
 Kills 99.9%, or more of infectious bacteria
 Broad spectrum (HIV, VRE, MRSA, HBV, HCV, Herpes
(Type 1 & 2), Strep, Avian Influenza A)
 No rinsing required
 Convenient, Ready-to-use spray
 Non-acid formulation contains no bleach, phenolics or
phosphates
 Effective in hard water (up to 400 ppm)
CLOTHING, BED LINENS,
UNIFORMS, TOWELS, …
BacStop™
Fabric Sanitizer & Bacteriostat
 EPA Registered
 Liquid fabric sanitizer and mildewcide
 Self-sanitizing finish (continually kills minimum of 99.9%
of newly acquired bacteria)
 Continues working after textiles are laundered (creates a
Zone of Inhibition)
 Eliminates odors due to bacterial growth
 Easy to use, final rinse treatment
Textiles treated with BacStop™ retain a self-sanitizing
condition, creating a Zone of Inhibition around the surface
area of the textile. Bacteria do not replicate on the surface –
and therefore die.
Infectious Bacteria
Treated Fabric
Zone of Inhibition
Program for Infection Control
Pro-Tex™
Foaming Hand & Skin Sanitizer
SureClean™
Hard Surface Disinfectant and Sanitizer
BacStop™
Fabric Sanitizer & Bacteriostat
DeScent™
Concentrated odor neutralizer
An once of prevention