Download AP Chemistry 1st Semester Final

AP Chemistry 1st Semester Final
The first semester final exam will consist of a multiple-choice section and two
free-response questions. The list below identifies topics represented on the
exam. Use previous homework problems, study questions, practice AP problems,
or worksheets for review problems. No calculators will be used on the multiple
choice section.
Chapter 2 - Naming
 Name and write formulas of common ions and ionic compounds
 Name and write formulas of covalent compounds (including hydrocarbons
and alcohols)
o Example:
Hydrocarbon
Alcohol
Methane
CH4
methanol
CH3OH
Ethane
C2H6
ethanol
C2H5OH
Propane
C3H8
propanol
C3H7OH
Chapter 3 - Stoichiometry
 Molar conversions
 Empirical formulas
 Balancing equations
 Combustion reactions (combining hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing
derivatives of hydrocarbons like alcohols with oxygen gas to produce
carbon dioxide and water). Also know that with insufficient oxygen gas,
CO and C (soot) may result.
 Limiting reactants
Chapter 4 – Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
 Strong acids and bases and that these make strong electrolytes
 Acid-base reactions (neutralization)
 Oxidation-Reduction
 Concentration of solutions and solution stoichiometry
 Titrations
 Net ionic equations
Example: What volume of 0.500 M AlCl3 solution is needed to prepare 300 mL of
solution that has a chloride concentration of 0.300 M?
Chapter 5 - Thermochemistry
 Hess’s law
 Formation reactions – a reaction that produces one mole of a substance
from its elements in their most stable thermodynamic state
Chapter 6 – Electronic Structure of Atoms
 Quantum mechanical model and quantum numbers
 Electron configurations and the periodic table
Chapter 7 – Periodic Properties of the Elements
 Trends in atomic radius, ionic radius, ionization energy, electronegativity
 Use successive values of ionization energies to determine the number of
valence electrons
 Characteristics of alkali metals including their reaction with water to form
hydrogen gas
 General characteristics of metals, nonmetals, semi-metals, and transition
metals
Chapter 8 – Chemical Bonding
 Ionic bonding and lattice energy
 Bond polarity and electronegativity
 Drawing Lewis Structures
 Bond enthalpies or bond dissociation energies (given a set of molecules,
determine which would have the greatest bond dissociation energy)
 Bond length (given a set of molecules, determine which has the shortest
or longest bond length)
Chapter 9 – Molecular Geometry
 Electron domain geometry and molecular geometry (along with bond
angles and hybridizations)
 Pi and sigma bonds
Chapter 10 – Gases
 Know how to use any of the gas equations
 Molecular effusion and diffusion
Chapter 11 – Intermolecular Forces, Liquids and Solids
 Know the different types and how they compare in strength
 Examples of hydrogen bonds
 Predict order of boiling points based for different molecules
 Determine types of IMF’s present in a molecule
Chapter 13 – Solutions
 “like dissolves like” and factors that affect solubility
 Know all the ways to express concentration
 Colligative properties – vapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation,
freezing point depression