Download World War I

CHAPTER 13
World War I and the Russian
Revolution
Section 1:
Setting the Stage for War
Section 2:
World War I: A New Kind
of War
Section 3:
US Involvement in WWI
Section 4:
The Russian Revolution
Section 5: The Terms of Peace
SECTION 4
The Terms of Peace
Bell Ringer Day 5 - 13.4:
Imagine that World War I has just ended.
Describe a plan to maintain peace and try to
prevent future wars.
I.
A.
The Final Years
With the entry of the United States, World War I truly
became a “World War.” With countries involved in the
fighting from Europe to the Americas, as well as European
colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific, no part of the world
was left uninfluenced in some form by this war.
The major players of World War I were:
The Allies: France, Great Britain, Russia (until 1918), Italy
(joined 1915), and the United States (joined in 1917).
VS
The Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria,
and Ottoman Empire
B.
The addition of more than 2 million fresh
American troops helped the Allies begin to
advance towards Germany.
In January 1918
President Wilson
spoke to congress.
He outlined a set
of ideas for a more
just world once
the war ended.
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The Terms of Peace
Wilson’s Fourteen Points Plan
The Main Points Were:
 NO secret treaties
 Reduction of weapons and armed forces
 self-determination - allow people of the same
nationality to govern themselves; no nationality
should have the power to govern another
 Creation of an international peacekeeping
organization
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The Terms of Peace
D.
The German people were angry and
exhausted by the war.
They revolted against the Kaiser
William II. On Nov. 9, 1918 William II
gave up the throne and a German
republic was created.
On November 11, the new German
government signed an armistice, an
agreement to stop fighting with the Allies.
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The Terms of Peace
…eleventh hour of the eleventh
day of the eleventh month…
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The Terms of Peace
Costs of War
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The Terms of Peace
II. The Peace Settlements
A.
In January 1919, representatives of the Big
Four Allied nations (Great Britain, France,
Italy, and United States) met for what came
to be known as the Paris Peace Conference.
Wilson - US
Clemenceau - France
Lloyd George - GB
Orlando -Italy
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The Terms of Peace
Woodrow Wilson Believed that the peace
settlement should be fair
“Peace without Victory”
and not so harsh that it
would kindle future wars.
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The Terms of Peace
Clemenceau - France
Lloyd George - GB
France and Great Britain believed that Germany
had started the war and should pay for it.
B.
European colonies in Africa, Asia, and the
Pacific had looked to the Paris Peace
Conference with high hopes. But; colonial
leaders felt betrayed; they expected that
the peace would bring new respect and an
end to imperial rule.
However, the leaders at Paris applied
self-determination only to Europe.
Outside Europe, the victorious Allies added
to their overseas empires.
C.
In late June 1919 Germany was forced to
sign the Treaty of Versailles, officially
ending World War I.
The terms included:
1. That Germany admit that it was guilty
of starting the war.
2. Reparation – payment for war damages
3. Loss of a portion of German territory
4. Creation of the League of Nation
D.
League of Nations had two main aims:
1. to promote international cooperation
2. to keep peace among nations, by settling
disputes and reducing armaments.
Although the League of Nations had been
strongly promoted by President Wilson, the
US never became a member.
This led to the ineffectiveness of the
League.
E.
Because of the League’s peacekeeping
commitments, some Americans feared
being dragged into another war.
Congress is granted the right to declare war and
no other nations should be permitted to demand
our troops. ~Senator Henry Cabot Lodge
As a result of strong opposition, the U.S.
Senate did not ratify (sign) the Versailles
treaty. Instead the U.S. signed a separate
peace treaty with Germany.