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Name:_______________________________
As the 20th Century approached, a new world was on the horizon that no one could
foresee. This would be a world that would have to rebound and rebuild following the War to
End All Wars, the Great War, what we now know as __________________. As the Great War
approached, European powers were building up their militaries in preparation for war
(____________________), forming secret __________________ to help balance power in
Europe, and had been ____________________ weaker nations around the world for several
centuries, now funding their industry from capital gained from these new colonies.
While these things were going on in Europe, the American attitude and outlook towards
the rest of the world had become one of ____________________________, to leave European
affairs to the Europeans. The Progressive Presidents of the early 20th century had brought
about many changes in the United States. Some of these changes had made once idealized
hero’s such as Teddy Roosevelt, standings in society crumble. Roosevelt had become known as
the great ____________ buster, but it was soon realized that he was only choosing certain
companies to attack, such as ________________ Standard Oil Company. Roosevelt had
claimed that there was a distinguishing difference between public spirited trusts and the “male
factors of great wealth.”
In 1913, __________ ___________ revolutionized the transportation industry by using
the _________________ ________________ to manufacture his Model T. He could now
produce a car in just 6 hours, and could sell each model T for a mere $440. Ford proclaimed,
“Every time I can reduce the price of the car by $1 I get 1000 new customers.”
World War I officially began in 1914 with the assassination of ___________ __________
______________ by a Serbian nationalist name _________________ ______________.
However, President Woodrow Wilson of the United States pledged to remain
___________________. In 1915 American’s became irate with the war in Europe when
German ___________ sank the ______________________. The British claimed this was a
passenger ship with innocent civilians, including 128 American’s who lost their lives. It was
later discovered that the ship was carrying tons of weapons and war materials, in which the
German’s felt very justified for their attack. The practice of _______________
_______________ ________________ practiced by the Germans’ however, greatly heightened
tensions between the Germans and Americans. Most felt continued neutrality was still the best
answer, and in 1916, _______________ _______________ won re-election with the campaign
slogan “_____________________________________________________”.
By this time, most all of Europe was at War. The _____________ powers of Germany
and Austria-Hungary, along with the Ottoman Empire, were at war with Russia, Britain and
France. By 1916 there was a two front war. The _______________ front in France is where
most of the fighting took place. It was in France that they fought ____________ warfare. The
war had become a ______________, as neither side was winning. The goal was to fight a war
of _________________, or try to outlast the will of the opponent, to fight longer than the other
side was willing to fight. Trench warfare was gruesome. The worst place to get caught in was
between the trenches, this was known as _______ ___________ land. In the trenches was not
great either. Many soldiers suffered a nasty infection of their feet known as _________
__________, as their feet would constantly stay wet and would begin to basically rot.
In early 1917 Germany began a new phase of _____________ ______________
_____________ in which they would sink any ship trying to enter or leave Britain. This caused a
rift with the United States and the U.S. although trying to remain neutral, became more and
more supportive of the British cause. The final straw came in February when the British
intercepted a message from Germany to Mexico encouraging the Mexican government to go to
war with the United States. This was known as the ________________ note or telegram. On
April 6, President Wilson asked Congress for a Declaration of _________ against Germany, and
the U.S. entered WWI. In his speech to Congress, President Wilson said America must enter the
war in order to “________ _____ ______ _______ _____ _______________.”
In May of 1917 the United States introduced the draft with the passage of the
___________ ____________ act, which mandated all American Males age 21-30 to register for
the draft. The U.S. entry and arrival in Europe changed the tide of the war. The fresh soldiers
and new supplies were more than the central powers could overcome. American
NATIONALISM was at work, and the war on the ________________ became as important as the
war in Europe. Symbols of wartime were ever apparent throughout the country, and the
______________ against the German enemies convinced the American people for total support
of the war. Americans bought ___________bonds, grew _______________ gardens, and
_____________supplies to help in the war effort.
However, for the German Americans and others who did not support the war effort, the
situation was far more grim. The American public tried to force _______________ on many
immigrants, especially those of German descent, making them lose their German cultures and
traditions and accept what they believed to be the culture of mainstream America. In 1917
Congress passed the _______________ Act which made in a crime to interfere with the draft.
100 were arrested for spying, sabotage and anything the government deemed an “obstruction
of the war effort.” In 1918, the government cracked down further with the passage of the
_______________ acts, which made it a crime to say anything “disloyal, profane or abusive“
about the government. This is very similar to the ____________ act today, which is part of the
Homeland Security Act to crack down on terrorism. These acts did face challenges such as the
___________v. U.S. case, in which Chief Justice Holmes said freedom of speech could be limited
when it created a “___________ ____ __________ __________.”
With the help of the Americans, the tide of war had changed in Europe, and victory for
the Allies was on the Horizon. The fighting of WWI ended with the signing of an Armistice on
the ____ hour of the ________ day of the ________ month in 1918. The leaders of Britain,
France and the United States met in Versailles to come up with a Peace Treaty to officially end
the war. ___________ the losers of the war were not invited, as were the ______________ left
out, because they had dropped out of the war and were now under government control of the
_______________ Bolshevik party after their Revolution in 1917. President Woodrow Wilson
proposed his ____________ Plan for peace, which included and International Peace keeping
organization known as the ______ _____ ______________. However, the British and French
wanted to punish Germany and insisted on the War Guilt Clause in which Germany had to take
blame for the war. By taking this blame Germany had to accept responsibility and pay billions
in war _________________________. Wilson warned that this would cause German
resentment, but his warnings went unheard by the French and British representatives.
The Treaty of Versailles was signed in June of 1919, as the war __________ for Germany
were put in place and the ______________ ________ _____________ were created to try and
keep peace. However this League, which would be a predecessor to the ______________
______________ which we have today, would not be effective because the United States
would never join. Although President Wilson made a national tour to support American entry
into the league, the Senate refused to ratify the Treaty which would allow the U.S. to join the
new peace keeping organization. As Senators like Henry Cabot Lodge explained, American
entry into this league would only further U.S. involvement into European affairs and drag the
U.S. into another European conflict. Following World War I, the U.S. would attempt to return to
____________________, just as they had done in the years before the war.