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Presentation Guide 5.1: Early Greeks and the Rise of the City-States
1. What are the two objectives for this presentation?
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2. What geographic feature played an important part in the lives of the Greeks? _____________
3. How did geography cause problems for the early Greeks?
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4. What did the Greeks form instead of a united kingdom? ______________________________
5. What and when was the earliest Greek civilization known? ___________________________
6. What king built his palace in the city of Knossos? ___________________________________
7. What did the Minoans possibly worship? __________________________________________
8. What did the Minoans do for a living? ____________________________________________
9. What did the Minoans have to support them? ______________________________________
10. What happened to the Minoans? ________________________________________________
11. Who moved in and conquered Crete c. 1400 B.C.? _________________________________
12. During what period did this group also control the Greek mainland? ___________________
13. How were the Mycenaean organized? ___________________________________________
14. What did they build in the Peloponnesus as well as in north-central Greece? _____________
15. What happened to the Mycenaean? _____________________________________________
16. What important contribution did the Mycenaean make? _____________________________
17. Why was this important? _____________________________________________________
18. What formed during the 800s to 700s B.C.? _______________________________________
19. What does polis mean? _______________________________________________________
20. Complete the following:
__________________ + ______________ + ____________ + ____________________ = polis
21. What kind of community was a polis? _________________________________________
22. What kinds of competition separated the city-states? _______________
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23. List 5 characteristics of a city-state:
1. _________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________
5. _________________________________________________
24. What was an agora? ________________________________________
25. How did many Greeks feel about their city-state? __________________________________
26. What did Greeks value concerning their polis? ____________________________________
27. What did each polis have that was its very own?
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28. List four things the Greeks had in common:
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29. What was an acropolis? ___________________________________________________
Presentation Guide 5.2: Greek Government and Society
1. What kind of government did the Greeks have from 1000-700 B.C.? __________________
2. What did tribal systems develop into? ___________________________________________
3. When did new forms of government begin to emerge? ______________________________
4. Could most Greeks write between 1000 to 700 B.C.? ___________________
5. List three epic poems that did exist by this period:
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6. Who is generally given credit for writing down the Iliad and the Odyssey? _______________
7. What story does the Iliad tell? __________________________________________________
8. What story does the Odyssey tell? _______________________________________________
9. What two things did Greek religion not emphasize nor expect?
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10. What three things did the Greeks look for in their religion?
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11. What did Greeks think happened to most people after death?
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12. What were the Elysian Fields? ______________________________________________
13. What was Tartarus? _______________________________________________________
14. Whom did the Greeks think was king of the gods? _______________________________
15. Who was Athena? _________________________________________________________
16. What were oracles? _________________________________________________________
17. Where was the most important oracle? ___________________________________________
18. Why were the Olympic games held every four years? _______________________________
19. Who were the only people who could watch or compete in these games? ________________
20. When the games probably held for the first time? __________________________________
21. What did winners receive? ____________________________________________________
22. Who gained power and overthrew the kings by 700 B.C.? ___________________________
23. What were aristocracies? _____________________________________________________
24. What were the three functions of the aristocrats?
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25. Who were the hoplites? ___________________________________________________
26. What type of weapon did the hoplites carry? ___________________________________
27. How did the hoplites fight? _________________________________________________
28. In the early days, what was a tyrant? __________________________________________
29. Who ruled most Greek city-states from 650-500 B.C.? ____________________________
30. What happened to the tyrants over time? _______________________________________
31. Who had no rights in Athenian democracy? _____________________________________
32. What types of governments did other city-states continue to have?
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Presentation Guide 5.3: Sparta and Athens
1. What was different about Sparta compared to most Greek cities?
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2. The Equals were descendants of what group? ______________________________________
3. Who controlled Sparta? ________________________________________________________
4. How did the conquerors divide up the land they conquered? ___________________________
5. Who were the Helots? _________________________________________________________
6. What did each Equal get? ______________________________________________________
7. Give three characteristics of a half-citizen:
1. _________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________
3. _________________________________________________
8. What did half-citizens not have? ______________________________________
9. What did most half-citizens do for a living? ________________________________________
10. Who was the lowest group in Sparta? ____________________________________________
11. How did this group feel about the Equals? ________________________________________
12. Why did the Spartans (Equals) form a military society? _____________________________
13. Who was more numerous, Equals or Helots? ______________________________________
14. List the three social groups of Sparta:
1. ___________________________________
2. ___________________________________
3. ___________________________________
15. How many kings did Sparta have and why?
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16. List three characteristics of the Council of Elders:
1. __________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________
17. List three characteristics of the Assembly:
1. ___________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________
18. List two duties of an ephor: ________________________
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19. What happened to unhealthy babies in Sparta? ____________________________________
20. At what age were boys sent to live in military barracks? ________________________
21. Were they fed well in the barracks? ________________________________________
22. What could they do at 20? _______________________________________________
23. What could they do at 30? _______________________________________________
24. Until what age did they have to be available for military service? ______________________
25. What was required of Spartan girls?
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26. List four characteristics of “citizens” of Athens:
1. __________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________
3. __________________________________________________
4. __________________________________________________
27. List four characteristics of metics:
1. ___________________________________________________
2. ___________________________________________________
3. ___________________________________________________
4. ___________________________________________________
28. Where did Athenians get their slaves? ________________________________
29. How were Athenian slaves treated? __________________________________
30 Who was elected in time of war? _____________________________________
31. How many archons were there and how long were their terms in office? ________________
32. Who could vote in the Assembly? ______________________________________________
33. Did Athenian women have any rights? ___________________________________________
34. What could Athenian women not do in public? ____________________________________
35. Who was Draco? ____________________________________________________________
36. What did Solon do? __________________________________________________________
37. Who was Peisistratus? ________________________________________________________
38. Who was Cleisthenes? _______________________________________________________
39. How long could members of the Council of 500 serve and what did they do?
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40. How were jurors chosen? ___________________
How did juries vote? ____________
41. What is direct democracy? ____________________________________________________
42. What is representative democracy? ____________________________________________
Presentation Guide 5.4: Life in Athens
1. What did most Athenians do for a living? _________________________________________
2. What was the mainstay of Athenian economy? _____________________________________
3. What is “terracing”? __________________________________________________________
4. What is an “import”? _________________________________________________________
5. What is an “export”? __________________________________________________________
6. What types of buildings did the Athenians build? ___________________________________
7. Did they spend a lot of their income on their homes? ________________________________
8. Did their houses have plumbing? ________________________________________________
9. What did Athenian students learn?
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10. What did Athenian students memorize? ___________________
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11. Who arranged marriages? ______________________________________________
12. At what age were girls married? ________________________
13. How old were the men they often married? _______________________________________
14. What was the main purpose of marriage? _________________________________________
15. What happened if a couple could not afford to raise a child? __________________________
16. Were Athenian women considered citizens? ______________________________________
17. Could they vote or own property? ______________________________________________
18. How were Athenian women considered in relation to men? __________________________
19. What were women required to do when their husbands had guests? ____________________
20. When could women appear in public? ___________________________________________
21. What did women’s duties include? ______________________________________________
22. What kind of education did girls have? __________________________________________
23. Who was Sappho? ___________________________________________________________
24. What was a pedagogue? ______________________________________________________
25. What was the duty of a pedagogue? _____________________________________________
26. What did boys study in school? ________________________________________________
27. What were boys required to memorize? __________________________________________
28. Who opened schools for older boys in the 400s B.C.? _______________________________
29. What did these higher-level schools offer? ________________________________________
30. How long did boys receive military training in Athens? _____________________________
31. At what age did boys received military training? _______________________
32. Who became hoplites? _______________________________________________________
33. Where did poorer men serve? __________________________________________________
34. Who rowed the warships in the Athenian fleet? ____________________________________
35. Define “ethics”: _____________________________________________________________
36. Define “rhetoric”: ___________________________________________________________
Presentation Guide 5.5: The Expansion of Greece
1. How did Athens get in trouble with the Persians? ___________________________________
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2. Who wanted revenge against Athens? ____________________________________________
3. What Greek city-state was burned by the Persians? __________________________________
4. Who joined forces against the Persians? ___________________________________________
5. Who was Miltiades? __________________________________________________________
6. What did Miltiades use against the Persians? _______________________________________
7. Who won the Battle of Marathon? _______________________________________________
8. How many Persian lives were lost? ____________________
Greeks? ________________
9. What Persian led the army for the Second Persian War? ______________________________
10. How did this Persian army plan to invade Greece? _________________________________
11. Who was at Thermopylae to stop the Persians? ____________________________________
12. What happened at Thermopylae? _______________________________________________
13. What happened to Athens? _________________________________________________
14. Who was defeated in the naval battle at the Strait of Salamis? ________________________
15. Who led the Greeks this time? _________________________________________________
16. Why did the Greeks form the Delian League? _____________________________________
17. Who led the league? _________________________________________________________
18. Who moved the funds of the Delian League to Athens and used it on public buildings?
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19. What two city-states fought in the Peloponnesian War? __________________
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20. How long did the war last? ________________________
21. Who won? _________________________________
22. Whose help did they use to win? _________________________________
23. Were the winners of the Peloponnesian War effective leaders after that? ________________
Presentation Guide 6.1-6.2: The Golden Age of Greece
1. Greek art glorified ___________________________________________.
2. Greek art showed pride in their _________________________________.
3. Greek art combined _____________________ and ______________________________.
4. Greek art showed a belief in _________________, ______________. _______, __________.
5. Philosophy is the ____________________________________________________________/
6. Philosopher means “__________________________________________________.”
7. Most philosophers agreed:
All of nature is based on certain ____________________________________.
Those laws are uncovered through ___________________________.
8. First philosopher: ____________________________________________________
9. A person who wants to understand the nature of the universe is a ______________________.
10. Parmenides of Elea set up formal rules of logic for ________________________________.
11. Democritus developed ________________ which believes everything is made up of _____.
12. Socrates, an Athenian, believed that education leads to ____________________________.
13. Socrates did not believe that ______________________ should be used as a teaching tool.
14. Socrates insisted that students _____________________________________.
15. The Socratic Method is a method of __________________________________________.
16. The _________________________ were enemies of Socrates and claimed his teachings
_________________________ the minds of Athenian youth and that he __________ the
existence of the gods.
17. _____________________ founded the Academy after Socrates’ death.
18. _______________________ were imaginary discussions between Socrates and his students.
19. Plato’s “Theory of Forms” claimed that _________________________________________.
20. Plato claimed that perfection was created by _____________________________ .
21. Plato believed that humans beings were both ___________________ and ______________.
22. Reincarnation reunited _____________________ and ______________________.
23. Plato wrote __________________________ about a perfect society ruled by ____________
24. ______________________ thought every field of knowledge should be studied logically.
25. ______________________ thought everything could be explained in terms of mathematics.
26. Egyptians made few distinctions between __________________ and ________________.
27. Egyptians explained events as “________________________________________.”
28. Greeks believed the world could be explained in terms of ___________________________.
29. Natural laws could be _____________________, __________________, _______________.
30 Greeks believed in ____________________________ and ___________________________.
31. Hippocrates was the founder of ____________________________________________.
32. Hippocrates used ____________________________, _____________, ________________.
33. Hippocrates recorded ______________________.
34. Hippocrates taught that disease comes from __________________, not as punishment from
the gods.
35. Herodotus was the first _________________________ of the western world.
36. Herodotus was often called the “__________________________________.”
37. Thucycdides believed that studying _____________________________________________.
38. Thucydides worked to make __________________________________________________.
39. Greeks were among the first _________________________________________________.
40. In Greek tragedy the main character struggled against _______________________.
41. Tragic heroes were punished for ____________________, the sin of pride.
42. Aeschylus was concerned with ______________________________________________.
43. Sophocles defended ___________________________________________________.
44. Euripides questioned _________________________________ and showed events _______.
45. Greek comedies made fun of ___________________ and ____________________.
46. Aristophanes made fun of ______________________ and his theories about ____________.
47. Aristophanes also used his plays to make Athenians think about _____________________.
Presentation Guide 6.3: Alexander the Great
1. Why was Greece in a state of chaos after the Peloponnesian War? ______________________
2. How did Philip of Macedon become familiar with Greek ways? ________________________
3. On whom did Philip not rely for his military? ______________________________________
4. Where did Philip get the soldiers for his army? _____________________________________
5. How did Philip organize his army? _______________________________________________
6. Philip began taking control of the Greek city-states. Who opposed him in Athens? ________
7. Who united Greece? __________________________________________________________
8. What was Philip’s next plan? ___________________________________________________
9. What happened to Philip in 336 B.C.? ____________________________________________
10. Who succeeded Philip? _______________________________________________________
11. What famous Greek was responsible for Alexander’s education? ______________________
12. How old was Alexander when he took over? ______________________________________
13. What was his first action as the new ruler of Greece? _______________________________
14. What did Alexander do in 331 B.C.? ____________________________________________
15. How far did Alexander push his troops? __________________________________________
16. What happened to his troops that caused Alexander to turn back? _____________________
17. How did Alexander die in 323 B.C.? ____________________________________________
18. What did Alexander found? ___________________________________________________
19. Who settled in each city that he built? ____________________ and ___________________
20. Who worked together to govern Alexander’s empire? _______________________________
21. What did Alexander spread as he conquered one area after another? ___________________
22. How long did this culture thrive? _______________________________________________
23. What were the sections into which Alexander’s empire was divided? __________________,
______________________________, ________________________________________ .
24. Who gained control of Egypt? ________________________________
25. Who conquered most of the Hellenistic empire? ___________________________________
Presentation Guide 6.4: the Spread of Hellenistic Culture
1. To what place was Greek culture brought during the rule of Alexander?
___________________________________ ___________________ _______________
2. What influenced Greece at the same time? _________________________________________
3. List three characteristics of Hellenistic society:
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4. Which group thrived during the Hellenistic Age? ___________________________________
5. What did Alexander build along trade routes? ______________________________________
6. What was built at the Alexandria in Egypt? ________________________________________
7. As prosperity led to more education, what happened? ________________________________
8. How did the role of women change in Greece during the Hellenistic Age?
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9. What declined during the Hellenistic Age? ________________________________________
10. Why did many people turn to new religions and philosophies? ________________________
11. Why did people look to monarchs? _____________________________________________
12. What did mystery religions and cults provide? ____________________________________
13. List the characteristics of Cynicism: __________________________, _________________,
___________________________, __________________________________
14. List the characteristics of Skepticism: _______________________, ___________________
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15. Who founded Stoicism? ____________________
16. List four characteristics of Stoicism: ____________________, _______________________
____________________________________, __________________________________
17. Who founded Epicureanism? _________________________________________
18. What were two characteristics of Epicureanism?
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19. List two features of Hellenistic science:
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20. Why didn’t the Greeks try to apply what they learned?
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21. What did Euclid write and what was his interest? ______________________________
22. Who was the greatest scientist of the Hellenistic Age? ____________________________
23. List four accomplishments of the greatest scientist:
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24. What did Hellenistic doctors learn from the Egyptians? _____________________________
25. What did Herophilus know? __________________________________________________
26. What did Aristarchus believe? _________________________________________________
27. Did he convince others? ____________________________
28. What did Hipparchus use to predict eclipses? __________________________________
29. What did Eratosthones calculate? _______________________________________________