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Phrases
PHRASE
 A group of related words used as a
single part of speech that does not
contain a subject or its verb.
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
 Includes a preposition, a noun or pronoun
called the object of the preposition and any
modifiers (adj or adv)of that object.
Among the heroes of World War was my grandfather.
The book is about love and understanding.
ADJECTIVE PHRASE
 A prepositional phrase that modifies a noun
or pronoun.
 An adjective phrase tells what kind and
which one.
Nick had a bag of candy.
The actors in the magazine were very famous.
ADJECTIVE PHRASE
 An adjective phrase always follows the
word it modifies, even if it is the object of
the preposition.
Heather kept a photo album of her journey
through Europe.
He sent poems to American magazines.
ADJECTIVE PHRASE
 More than one adjective phrase may modify
the same word.
Heather’s journey on horseback from
Boston to New York was long and difficult.
ADVERB PHRASE
 A prepositional phrase that modifies a verb,
an adjective or an adverb.
 An adverb phrase tells how, when, where,
why, TWE.
ADVERB PHRASE
 More than one adverb phrase can modify
the same word.
 Unlike adjective phrases, an adverb phrase
can precede the word it modifies.
During the Civil War, Louisa May Alcott worked in
a hospital as a nurse for six months.
PREP PHRASE REVIEW
1) The fee for lodging is very expensive.
2) Her dog did not exist at the time.
3) The tree in the yard is very big.
4) He sent poems to the magazine.
THE PARTICIPLE
 A verb form that is used as an adjective
 Present participles end in –ing
 Most past participles end in -d or -ed.
Others are irregularly formed.
THE PARTICIPLE
1) Krista has taken singing lessons for years.
2) Screaming, the fans rushed the stage.
3) The baked turkey tasted wonderful.
4) Confused and frightened, the kids ran.
5) Define each given term in the chapter.
PARTICIPIAL PHRASES
 Consists of a participle and all the words
related to the participle.
1) Speaking eloquently, Amanda dazzled the audience.
2) Nodding his head, Kyle gave the answer.
3) Encouraged by his family, Pat submitted his movie
script.
4) The teacher, often called Mr. L, loves books.
PARTICIPLE NOTES
 A verb form acting as an adjective (always next to a noun or
pronoun)
 End in –ing (present participles) and –d or –ed (past
participles)
 Beware of irregulars (known, born, taught, dug, etc)
 Usually off-set with commas
 Can usually remove from a sentence without altering its
meaning
THE GERUND
 A verb form ending in -ing that is used as a noun.
Subject- Swimming is great exercise.
Direct Object- She loves dancing
Indirect Object- He gave hunting all his attention.
PN- Devon’s hobby is dancing.
O of P- In cooking, use butter sparingly.
THE GERUND PHRASE
 Consists of a gerund and all of the words
related to the gerund.
1) Exercising regularly is important to your health.
2) My brother likes working at the gym.
3) An excellent way to build your vocabulary is
reading good literature.
4) We find writing very pleasant.
GERUND PHRASES
1) Writing a letter can be fun.
2) I enjoy watching my kids.
3) Joe liked designing buildings.
4) Sue got bored with studying her math.
5) Understanding the problem is crucial.
6) Dancing at the prom, Bo tore his trousers.
7) Bobby Joe was signing the contract.
GERUND NOTES
 A verb form acting as a noun (S, DO, IO,
PN, OP)
 Ends in –ing
 Not off-set with commas
 Can not remove from a sentence without
altering its meaning
THE INFINITIVE
 A verb form that can be used as a
noun, adjective, or adverb. An infinitive
usually begins with - to.
1) To fly was an ambition. (noun)
2) His attempt to fly was a failure. (adjective)
3) He went into the woods to hunt. (adverb)
THE INFINITIVE PHRASE

Consists of an infinitive and all of the words
related to the infinitive.

Infinitives may have modifiers and
complements.
1. To finish early is our plan.
2. Xavier wants to go home.
3. Andrew was unable to play.
THE APPOSITIVE

A noun or pronoun placed beside another
noun or pronoun to identify or describe it.

An appositive usually follows the word it
identifies or explains.
1. Annie, the artist, is in 11th grade.
2. The star student, Xavier, takes English.
3. Andrew, the athlete, was unable to play.
THE APPOSITIVE PHRASE

Consists of an appositive and its modifiers.
We visited Boston Harbor, the site of the Boston
Tea Party.
I plan to have a party on January 1, 2005, the first
day of the new year.
Colorado is home to Vail Mountain, the best place
in the world to ski
ADJ or ADV PHRASE?
 The pictures in this book are beautiful.
 Jon’s mouth opened in a huge yawn.
 The presents were wrapped with care.
 No one in the room understood the question.
 He sent a book to the library.
 X wrote a book about football.
 In high school, Dan was the man.
FIND / NAME THAT PHRASE?
 Taylor, the local technician, fixed the car.
 Nick, tired from writing his essay, fell asleep.
 Jumping in the air is goofy, clean fun.
 Jumping in the air, Nick ate a candy bar.
 Jan went to the show.
 Erica wanted to show Dan her golf card.
 Katie, the karate master, gave Dan a round-house
kick.
FIND / NAME THAT PHRASE?
 Curt gets bored with pinning opponents.
 Born in 1991, Matt is now 16 years old.
 Bo’s car, the clunker with no windows, is fast.
 The students collecting money are nice kids.
 School, a place for learning, is not always fun.
 Annie wanted to play a song on her piano.
 Marcellus went jogging in the park.