Download Heart and Heart Diseases

Heart and Heart Diseases
Chien-Ming Li, MD, PhD
Size and shape
• Cone-shaped
• 250–350 grams
• Size of a fist: 12*8*6 cm
The human heart viewed from the
front
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart
Arteries and veins
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart
Coronary arterires supply to the heart
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart
Valves inside the heart
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart
The cardiac cycle as correlated to the
ECG
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart
Atherosclerosis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart
Heart diseases
1. Coronary artery diseases
or ischemic heart disease
1. Heart failure
2. Valve diseases, septal defect
3. Cardiomyopathy
4. Arrhythmias
5. Pericarditis
1. Coronary artery disease
• Caused by atherosclerosis (plague)
• May cause chest pain (angina)
• A ruptured plaque can cause unstable
angina or a heart attack
• Complications: cardiac arrest, ventricular
rupture
• Risk factors: Obesity, high blood pressure,
uncontrolled diabetes, smoking and
high cholesterol
2. Heart failure
• Causes: coronary artery disease, valve disorders,
diseases of cardiac muscle
• can't beat enough blood to meet the needs of the
body
• Right heart or the left heart failure
• Symptoms or signs: breathlessness due to
pulmonary congestion, pulmonary edema),
swelling (edema) of the feet, decrease exercise
tolerance, enlarged liver, cardiac murmurs
3. Cardiomyopathy
• Deterioration of the heart muscle's ability to
contract
• Causes: alcohol, toxins, sarcoidosis
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: enlarged heart
• Restrictive cardiomyopathy: constrict the
outflow tracts of the heart
• Dilated cardiomyopathy: impact on the
efficiency of its beating
4. Valve disease
• Stenosis
– Aortic stenosis
– Mitral stenosis
• Regurgitation
– Mitral regurgitation
– mitral valve prolapse
4.1. ASD and VSD and PDA
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Congenital diseases
Patent foramen ovale
Ventricular septal defect
Atrial septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
Aortic coarctation
Tetralogy of Fallot
5. Cardiac arrhythmias
•
•
•
•
•
•
Rapid heart rate (tachycardia) > 100 beats/min
Slow heart rate (bradycardia) < 60
Asystole: cessation of heart rhythm
atrial fibrillation
Ventricular fibrillation
heart block: abnormal conduction can cause a
delay or unusual order of contraction of the
heart muscle
6. Pericarditis
• Pericardium: surrounds the heart
• Pericarditis: inflammation of pericardium
• Causes:
cytomegalovirus, coxsackievirus, tuberculosis
or Q fever, amyloidosis or sarcoidosis, tumors,
high uric acid levels
• Complications: pericardial effusion, cardiac
tamponade