Download Circulatory System - El Camino College

11/7/2014
Circulatory System
1
11/7/2014
Diffusion is insufficient for transporting substances
over long distances
It takes 1 second for glucose to diffuse from 100 micro meters
It will take 3 hours to diffuse 1 mm!
Circulatory systems solves this problem by ensuring that no substances
has to diffuse very far toenter or leave the cell!
And it connects the cells to the organs that exchange molecules.
Transport in small invertebrates
Sponges
Cnidarians
Flatworms
2
11/7/2014
Transport in invertebrates
Roundworms
Fluid contained within the body cavity of pseudocoelome functions to transport nutrients and
wastes but these animals do not have a heart or blood vessels.
Open Circulatory System
blood is pumped from the heart through blood vessels but then
it leaves the blood vessels and enters body cavities,
where the organs are bathed in blood.
Mollusks and arthropods: (except cephalopods)
have an open circulatory system.
3
11/7/2014
Open Circulatory System
Arthopods
The coelom carries blood (hemolymph). It is called a hemocoel
The blood of insects is colorless because it lacks respiratory pigments;
it functions to carry nutrients, not gases.
Crustaceans and some arachnids have hemocyanin
a protein with copper, not within a cell
Animals with open circulatory systems
generally have limited activity due to
limitations in the oxygen delivery capability
Insects are able to be active
because gas exchange is via a tracheal system.
Closed Circulatory System
Blood is contained within blood vessels.
Valves prevent the backflow of blood within the blood vessels.
This type of circulatory system is found in vertebrates and
several invertebrates including annelids, squids and octopuses
4
11/7/2014
Closed Circulatory System
Earthworms
have a dorsal and ventral blood vessel that runs the length of the animal.
Branches from these vessels are found in each segment.
There are five vessels that pump blood from the dorsal vessel to the ventral vessel.
Earthworms have red blood (due to the pigment hemoglobin) but they have no cells.
Hemoglobin binds with oxygen to carry it to the tissues.
Parts of the circulatory system and their functions
PUMP:
Atria: __________________
Ventricles: ______________
PLUMBING:
Arteries: __________________
Veins: ______________
Capillaries: _____________
Function of pulmonary and systemic circuit?
5
11/7/2014
Capillaries are the sites for diffusion
Types of closed circulatory systems in fish
The gills with many capillaries  blood pressure is low after going through the gills. Lowpressure blood from the gills then goes directly to the body,
which also has a large number of capillaries.
The activity level of fish is limited due to the low rate of blood flow to the body.
6
11/7/2014
Types of closed circulatory systems in amphibian
Blood from the lungs goes to the left atrium.
Blood from the body (systemic flow) goes to the right atrium.
Both atria empty into the ventricle where some mixing occurs.
The advantage is________________________________________________________________
Types of closed circulatory systems in mammals and birds
Birds and mammals (also crocodilians) h
have a four-chambered heart
which acts as two separate pumps.
he high rate of oxygen-rich blood flow
through the body enables birds and mammals
to maintain high activity levels.
7
11/7/2014
Form reflects function
Atrium: (thin walled)
Ventricle: (thick walled) pulse!
Why is the left ventricle thicker?
Arteries have _______layer of muscle
Veins have _______layer of muscle
Capillaries have _______layer of cells
How is backflow prevented?
One million persons die each year of a heart attack
Damage to walls of arteries due to
smoking and inactivity
PLUS
diet high in trans fats/ sat fats and low in unsat fats
Causes: Atherosclerosis
(buildup of plaque in arteries, reducing flow)
Which can happen in coronary arteries
( supply blood to the heart muscle)
Leading to a heart attack
(failure of the heart to function properly)
8