Download Introduction and Superficial Back

OBJECTIVES EXAM 1
Introduction and Superficial Back:
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Define the "anatomical position". Using the conventional anatomical terms,
describe the body and the spatial relationships of its parts, for example
dorsal/ventral, medial/lateral, proximal/distal, and superficial/deep.
Recognize and define the standard planes and sections used to describe parts of
the body and the relationships of the various planes and sections to one another.
Describe the general structural plan of the body and the relationships of the
layers, partitions and compartments one encounters when dissecting from
superficial to deep in any particular region.
Describe a cutaneous nerve and the pattern of cutaneous nerves on the back.
Identify, and give the general attachments of, nerve and blood supply to, and the
general functions of the superficial back muscles.
Identify the bony prominences of the back and spine that may be palpated and
used for reference to underlying structures.
Deep Back and Spinal Cord:
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Identify and give the function of the significant parts of a typical vertebra and
associated ligaments.
Identify the specialized vertebrae.
Describe the spine, its curvatures, and vertebral column movements.
Identify the coverings and the supporting structures of the spinal cord. Give the
point of the termination of the spinal cord and the dural sac.
Identify the terminal specialties of the cord, their relation to lumbar puncture, the
nerve rootlets, and blood supply.
Describe or illustrate the location and function of the basic somatic motor and
sensory neurons on a cross section of the spinal cord.
Describe a typical spinal nerve, the somatic motor and sensory components
found in any portion, and their distribution.
Describe conceptually how any region of the thoracic wall gets its blood supply
and innervation.
Define and explain the significance of dermatomes.
Explain the difference between superficial and deep (true) back muscles.
Pectoral Region & Breast:
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Describe the general gross features of the breast and its blood supply.
Describe the lymphatic drainage of the breast.
Identify the muscles of the pectoral region, their related fascia, nerve and
regional blood supply, and general functions.
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Thoracic Wall, Pleura (Lungs), & Pericardium:
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Describe the framework of the thorax, including the sternum and its parts.
Diagram a typical intercostal space, including muscles, nerves, and vessels.
Describe the make up and surface projections of the pleural cavity. Identify its
recesses.
Distinguish between parietal and visceral pleura and between parietal and
visceral pericardium.
Describe the internal structures and external features of both lungs.
Identify and describe the location of the lungs in the thoracic cavity.
Identify the relations of the pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins, and the bronchi at the
hilum of each lung.
Define a bronchopulmonary segment and discuss its general organization.
Identify and describe the mediastinum, including its boundaries and subdivisions.
Identify the contents of the anterior mediastinum.
Describe the pericardium and its parts.
Identify the sternocostal projections of the heart, in addition to its borders, and
surfaces.
Heart:
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Identify the structures traversed in sequence of blood flow. Relate the anatomy of
the heart to its basic physiological function.
Identify the structures found in each of the four chambers and consider their
signifiance.
Compare and contrast the anatomical characteristics right and left sides of the
heart.
Identify the arterial supply and venous drainage of the heart. Describe the
electrical conduction system.
Describe the sternocostal projections of the valves of the heart and identify their
auscultation points.
Superior Mediastinum:
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Identify the contents of the superior mediastinum.
Identify and trace the tributaries to each of the brachiocephalic veins and the formation
of the superior vena cava.
Identify and trace all the branches of the arch of the aorta in the region and the
relationship of the vagus and phrenic nerves to them.
Identify the thoracic part of the trachea.
Posterior Mediastinum:
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Define the boundaries of the posterior mediastinum.
Describe the major contents of the posterior mediastinum and their relationships:
Describe the organization of the thoracic sympathetic trunk, in addition to its visceral
and splanchnic branches.
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