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Timeline
 2800-2000 BCE Indus Valley civilization began
 1200-900 BCE Earliest Holy Scriptures
compiled
 900-600 BCE
Brahmanical religion develops,
emphasizing ritual and social
obligation
 800-300 BCE More Holy Scriptures are written,
which include the ideas of
reincarnation and karma as well as
the rise of devotional movements
 500 BCE
Buddhism and Jainism founded in
India
Timeline
 600-1600 CE
Holy Scriptures continue to be
written and worship rituals
develop
 1700-1900 CE Hindu Renaissance
 1857 CE
National War of Independence
 1895 CE
Vedanta Society founded to
promote Hinduism as a world
religion and India as a nation
 1915 CE
Gandhi joins the nationalist
movement (1948 assassinated)
 1950 CE
Constitution of India
General Facts
One of the oldest religions and 3rd largest
One god in three persons with many helpers
Believe there is more than one way to reach “Heaven”
Does not have a specific Holy Literature, instead
several books
 Family oriented and very cultural
 Believe in reincarnation
 Mainly practiced in India
 Has over 900 million believers worldwide as of 2009.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jesIqlDkKdY
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Location
Maps of Origin and
Distribution
Maps of Origin and
Distribution
Holy Scripture
 Vedas (Wisdom)
 Divided into two broad categories: Shruti and Smriti
 Original four parts
 Rig Veda: oldest part of Vedas
 Yajur Veda: about sacrifices
 Sama Veda: hymnal to the gods
 Atharva-Veda: magic spells
 Scripture added later
 Brahmanas: duties of the priests explained
 Upanishads: meaning of the universe mediations
 Mahabharata: tale of war between the gods
 Ramayana: story of god Rama and the quest to find his
wife ,Sita, from the demon called Ravana
 Puranas: elaborates on the stories, worshipping of
different gods, creation, destruction and re-creation
of the universe, philosophy, as well as other topics
 Bhagavad Gita: also part of the holy scripture
Holy Scripture
Vedas are god ordained and sacred
One god but three in one (Triad):
 Brahman: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva
 Brahma: creator
 Vishnu: protector/ preserver
 Shiva: destroyer
Brahma
Vishnu
Shiva
Symbols and Artifacts
Sanskrit Om is used in prayers or
mantras
Cows are considered sacred because
of their gentleness and they give
more that they take
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgEk4dPImNI
Om- Purity
and
possibility
Symbols and Artifacts
Bindi
Vermillion bindi
(red dot)
Bindi: symbolizes female energy and
protection from evil
Hindu god Shiva
Nataraja
(Lord of the Dance)
performing the
cosmic dance of
bliss.
Lotus Flower:
symbolizes
seeking
Moksha
Fundamental Principles
Teachings: Four aims
Dharma: performing religious
and social duties
Artha: building up of wealth
Kama: fulfilling one’s desires
Moksha: freedom of the
continuous cycles of
reincarnation
Fundamental Principles
Ways of Achieving Moksha:
Knowledge: to experience union
with the gods
Action: acting selfless, others
before yourself
Devotion: prayers, chanting of
Vedas, surrender oneself to the
will of the gods
Holidays
Raksha Bandhan:
 Celebrates love between brother
and sister
 Celebrated in July or August
 “ On Raksha Bandhan, sisters tie a bracelet onto their
brother’s hand which means we wish him luck for the rest of
his life and he gives his sisters money,” my friend Mona Patel
said.
Holidays
Navarati:
Nine day celebration of Mother Durga’s
victory over evil demon
 Celebrated this year from October 9-18, 2010
 “We dance tradition dances like the Garba and
the Raas from like 8 till 3 in the morning,” my
friend Mona Patel said.
Couple
dance the
Garba
Holidays
Diwali:
 celebrates the goddess named Lakshmi
(luhksh-mee), who is the goddess of wealth,
fertility, and prosperity.
 Celebrated in October or November
 Is also known as the festival of lights and is
the start of the financial year in India
Religious Rites
Prenatal Rituals
 Rite of Conception: performed before conception, wish for a
male child and protection of the child while in the womb.
 After 3-4 months another ceremony is performed wishing for
male child and safeguards against miscarriages.
 Between 4-8 months a ceremony is performed to protect the child
against evil spirits.
Childhood Rituals:
 Naming ceremony occurs between the 10th and 12th day of life.
 Girls receive ceremonial ear piercing between the ages of 1 to
5.
 Boys receive their first haircut by the time they turn 5.
 Other rituals are performed to help the children prepare to
assume their religious and social duties as adults
 Upanayana is a spiritual re-birth that only involves males from
the upper three castes in Hindu Society which leads to
purity. (Ages 16,22,24)
Religious Rites
Marriage
Important ritual in Hindu society
A man is not complete until marriage and
having a son.
Elaborate ceremony
Lady wearing
a traditional
wedding Sari
Red and Gold:
symbolizes
love and faith
Nikit Malkan
wearing a
sherwani
which is
typically worn
during
religious or
attending
wedding
ceremonies
Religious Rites
Death:
 Body is carried in a procession to the local
cremation grounds
Procession lead by eldest son, who acts as
chief mourner calling out the name of a god.
Cremation is the last the sacrifice in which
the body is offered in the sacred fire
 The deceased is born again and united
with their ancestors
Mourning can last from 12 days -1 year
Major Contributors
No single founder
Veda Vyasa
1500 BCE
Sankara
700 CE
Madhva
1200 CE
Ramanuja
1000 CE
Religious & Social
Structure
BrahminsPriests
KshatriyaWarriors
VaisyasCommoners/ Merchants
SudrasPeasants/Artisans
PariahsUntouchables
Roles of Women
Not allowed to read or hear Vedas
because they are not believed to be
spiritually inclined.
Dependent on fathers, husbands, and
sons
Primarily viewed as mothers
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gBs
Yhq-eTXA
Art
 Most art is centered around
religious beliefs.
Dance
Music
Sculpture
Science/Technology
Education: 1st University 700 BCE
Mathematics: Concept of zero,
Quadratic equation, Trigonometry
Astronomy: Solar System, 365
days/year
Medicine: Holistic and herbal
practices
Influence on Political &
Economic Systems
 Mahatma(Mohandas) Gandhi (1869-1949):
 Father of India
 Lead non-violent protests against the British
 Influenced Martin Luther King Jr. who lead the United
States Civil Rights Movement in 1960’s to end segregation

The Caste system and the religious beliefs
influenced both the Political and Economic
systems of India
Works Cited
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<http://religions.pppst.com/hinduism.html>.
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"Religious Distribution of the Population." Population Foundations of India. 2005. Web. 19 Oct. 2010.
<http://www.popfound.org/pop_clock.html>.
Wangu, Madhu Bazaz. Hinduism World Religion. New York: Facts on File, 1991. Print.
"Timeline of Hinduism - Religion Facts." Religion, World Religions, Comparative Religion - Just the Facts
on the World's Religions. Web. 21 Oct. 2010. <http://www.religionfacts.com/hinduism/timeline.htm>.
"Hinduism Basics." Hindu American Foundation. Web. 25 Oct. 2010.
<http://www.hafsite.org/resources/hinduism_101/hinduism_basics>.