Download Ch 8-10 Review Topics - Wahconah Science Department

AP Biology
Ch 8-10 Review Topics
You will need to be able to analyze and organize data. Be able to recognize vocabulary terms throughout
the chapters. Formulas will be provided, please review how to use them. When answering questions
first determine what you know then what it’s asking, and finally which answer fits best! REVIEW the
PowerPoints! Above all relax, study the appropriate amount of time and just do you best. 
Chapter 8
Review Metabolic Pathways
 Catabolic (break down)
 Anabolic (build up)
 Endergonic
 Exergonic
Identify Energy Types and Provide Examples
 Kinetic
 Potential
 Thermal (heat)
 Chemical
Know the first two Laws of Thermodynamics: Be able to define them and relate them to metabolism.
Be able to explain entropy and why life does not violate the 2nd Law as it becomes more organized.
ΔG: Free Energy Change
 What is free energy
 Enthalpy
 What does ΔG test?
 What do the parts of the formula mean: ΔG=ΔH - TΔS
 Be able to use this formula and determine whether a reaction is spontaneous or not.
The Cell does three types of work through Coupling Reactions (know what this means)
 Chemical work
 Transport Work
 Mechanical Work
Identify the structure and function of ATP and examine how it is hydrolyzed.
Enzymes
 What are they?
 What is their structure?
 How do they work? (Fig 8.16)
 What is substrate specificity?
 How do temperature, pH, and concentration on the substrate affect enzyme action?
Differentiate between cofactors and coenzymes.
Inhibitors: Differentiate between competitive and noncompetitive. (Fig 8.18)
Allosteric activators and inhibitors (Fog 8.20)
What is feedback Inhibition?
Discuss the evolution of enzymes.
Chapter 9
Formula for Cellular respiration.
How do cellular respiration and photosynthesis form a continuous cycle?
Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic.
Redox Reactions
 What does it mean to reduce a molecule?
 What does it mean to oxidize a molecule?
 How are these processes used in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
Stages of Cellular Respiration: Know where each stage occurs, what the reactants and products are for
each.
1. Glycolysis
You need to be able to
2. Pyruvate Oxidation and the Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s Cycle)
identify the major
3. Oxidative Phosphorylation: ETC (chemiosmosis)
components of each
Fermentation
 What are the two types?
stage: please see text
 Why does this occur?
and class notes.
 In what types of cells does this occur in?
Explain the evolutionary significance of Glycolysis
How are other macromolecules used as fuel; proteins, lipids? (p.180)
Explain the following; “Basic principles of supply and demand regulate the metabolic economy.” (p.181)
Chapter 10
Photosynthesis formula
 Why is glucose used and why are some water molecules left out?
Differentiate between auto and heterotrophs.
Be able to identify the photosynthetic parts of a leaf; mesophyll, chloroplast and its parts.
What is the function of the stomata and guard cells?
Redox of Photosynthesis
Pigments involved and where on the visible light spectrum are they contributing to photosynthesis.
 Chlorophyll a
 Chlorophyll b
 Carotenoids
Stages of Photosynthesis: Know where each stage occurs, what the reactants and products are for each.
1. Light Reactions
a. Splitting H20
b. ATP Phosphorylation
You need to be able to
ETC
c. NADPH reduction
identify the major
2. Calvin Cycle
components of each
a. Carbon Fixation
stage: please see text
b. Reduction
and class notes.
c. Regeneration of RuBP
Factors (biotic and abiotic) that affect photosynthesis.
Photorespiration and the evolution of various plants
 C3
 C4
 CAM
Review Making Connections page 206-207 of text.