Download BIOS 1300 SI WORKSHEET 2 (Chapter 2) SI Leader: Merrin Jeffries

BIOS 1300
SI WORKSHEET 2 (Chapter 2)
SI Leader: Merrin Jeffries (email: [email protected] )
3 September 2014
MAIN CONCEPTS TO PULL FROM CHAPTER 2:
* SHAPE DETERMINES FUNCTION
1.Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons are called
________________.
2.Which kind of bond holds atoms in a water molecule together? What attracts
water molecules to one another?
3.Isotopes of an element differ from each other in the number of: (circle one)
a. protons in the nucleus
b. neutrons in the nucleus
c. electrons in the outer shells
d. a, b, and c are all correct
4.The number and arrangement of electrons in an atom’s outer energy level
determines the atom’s
a. atomic weight
b. atomic number
c. molecular weight
d. chemical properties
5.All the chemical reactions that occur in the human body are collectively referred to
as:
a. anabolism
b. catabolism
c. metabolism
d. homeostasis
6.What are the four major elements of the human body: (list from most abundant to
least abundant)
1.
2.
3.
4.
7.Acids release _______ and are therefore proton ___________ (Example: HCl  H+ + Cl-)
8.Bases release _________ and are therefore proton ________________ (Example: NaOH 
Na+ + OH-)
SIDE NOTE: Most Physiological systems contain weak acids and weak bases
9.What is the normal range for the pH of human blood?
10.List the 4 organic compounds highlighted in chapter 2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
11.Carbohydrates contain what 3 major elements?
1.
2.
3.
Questions 12-14: Complex Sugars:
12.Glucose + Fructose = __________________
13. ______________ + Glucose = Maltose
14.Galactose + _____________ = Lactose
15.Neutral fats or Triglycerides are composed of _________ Fatty Acids bonded to a
glycerol molecule
16.A dehydration synthesis reaction between glycerol and a single fatty acid would
yield a(n)
a. micelle
b. monoglyceride
c. triglyceride
d. omega – 3 fatty acid
e. diglyceride
17.How does boiling a protein affect its structural and functional properties?
18.On average, lipids provide roughly twice as much energy as carbohydrates do,
gram for gram, when broken down in the body. T/F
19. Of the 20 common Amino Acids the body can synthesize __________ of them (nonessential) and the remaining ________ amino acids need to be obtained from our diet
(essential)
20.Each Amino Acid consists of 5 components. List all 5 components
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
21.List (from simplest to most complex) the four levels of structural complexity that
proteins can have:
1.
2.
3.
4.
22.__________________ proteins form extended sheets or strands. These proteins are
tough, durable and generally insoluble in water; in the body, they usually play
structural roles (example: keratin, collagen)
23.__________________ proteins are compact, generally rounded, and readily enter an
aqueous solution. These proteins are enzymes, hormones, and other molecules that
circulate in the bloodstream, as well as, the enzymes that control chemical reactions
inside cells. (example: Myoglobin, Hemoglobin)
Important terms defined:
Dehydration synthesis: The joining of two molecules associated with the removal
of a water molecule
Hydrolysis: The breakage of a chemical bond through the addition of a water
molecule; the reverse of dehydration synthesis
Hydrophilic: freely associating with water; readily entering into solution; water
loving
Hydrophobic: Incapable of freely associating with water molecules; insoluble;
water-fearing
REMINDERS:
1. Exam 1 (ch. 1-3) on Monday, September 8th!!!!! (P.S. that’s in 5 days!!!)
2. Chapter 3 worksheet/ Review session tomorrow – come prepared with
questions you would like clarified before the exam
3. Shoot me an email with any further questions you may have this weekend
(email: [email protected])
“The difference between a successful person and others is
not a lack of strength, not a lack of knowledge, but rather in
a lack of will” – Vincent T. Lombardi