Download Chapter 37 Objectives and other Animal System Material

Chapter Objectives: Chapter 43 the Immune System
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Distinguish between innate and adaptive immunity.
Explain nonspecific defense and list nonspecific lines of defense in vertebrate body
Define cytokine.
Explain how the physical barrier of skin is reinforced by chemical defenses.
Explain how complement proteins may be activated and how they function in
cooperation with other defense mechanisms
6. Define phagocytosis and list 2 types of phagocytic cells derived from white blood cells
7. Describe the inflammatory response pattern and how it is triggered
8. Explain how the inflammatory response prevents the spread of infection to surrounding
tissue
9. List several chemical signals that initiate and mediate the inflammatory response
10. Describe several systemic reactions to infections and explain how they contribute to
defense
11. What are MHC markers?
12. Diagram and label the structure of an antibody and explain how this structure allows
antibodies to perform the following functions
a. recognize and bind to antigens
b. assist in destruction and elimination of antigens
13. Distinguish between variable (V) and constant (C) regions of an antibody molecule
14. Compare and contrast the structure and function of an enzyme's active site and an
antibody's antigen-binding site
15. List the 5 major classes of antibodies (immunoglobulins-Ig’s) in mammals and distinguish
among them
16. How does antigen diversity arise?
17. Explain how the immune response differs from nonspecific defenses
18. List and describe the 4 characteristics of adaptive immune responses
19. Outline the steps of antigen processing
20. Distinguish between primary and secondary immune response
21. Describe the mechanism of clonal selection
22. Describe the cellular basis for immunological memory
23. Explain how the humoral (antibody mediated immune response) response is provoked
24. Explain how B cells are activated
25. Outline a cell mediated immune response to a virus infected cell
26. Design a flow chart describing the major sequence of events that follows the interaction
between antigen presenting macrophages and helper T cells, including both cell-mediated
and humoral immunity
27. Describe how cytotoxic T cells recognize and kill their targets
28. Explain how the function of cytotoxic T cells differs from that of complement and natural
killer cells
29. Distinguish between complement's classical and alternative activation pathways
30. Read p. 632-634 and for ABO blood groups
a. list all possible combinations for donor and recipient in blood transfusions
b. indicate which combinations would cause an immune response in the recipient
c. state which blood type is the universal donor
31. Explain how the immune response to Rh factor differs from the response to A and B blood
antigens
32. Outline the development of B and T lymphocytes from stem cells in red bone marrow
33. Describe the potential problem of Rh incompatibility between a mother and her unborn
fetus and explain what precautionary measures may be taken
34. Describe an allergic reaction including the role of IgE, mast cells, and histamine
35. List some known autoimmune disorders and describe possible mechanisms of
autoimmunity
36. Explain why immune-deficient individuals are more susceptible to cancer than normal
individuals
37. Recall the infectious agent that causes AIDS and explain how it weakens the immune
system
38. Explain how AIDS is transmitted and why it is difficult to produce vaccines to protect
uninfected individuals
39. Describe what it means to be HIV-positive
40. Explain how general health and mental well being might affect the immune system
Also read chapters 35, 36, and 38. You do not need to know details of bone, muscle, respiratory
anatomy, but you need to start to make connections to the body as a whole.
Chapter 35: Pay attention to 35-2 Invertebrate Skeletons; 35-7 Sliding Filament Theory; 35-8 Integration
of Nervous and Muscular Systems; 35-9 Muscle Metabolism (we will integrate this with Cell Respiration).
Chapter 36: Pay attention to 36-2 Overview and Evolution of Blood Circulation, You’re already reading
36-4, 36-5, and 36-6 for the Immune System, and 36-10 Mechanisms of Capillary Exchange
Chapter 38: Pay attention to 38-2 Nature of Respiration and 38-7 Gas Exchange and Transport.