Download AP Latin summer assignment 2016

AP Latin: Summer Assignment
Next year we will be studying two of ancient Rome’s best known works –
Vergil’s Aeneid and Caesar’s De Bello Gallico. Even though we will only be
translating portions of each, you are still responsible for information and ideas
found in other parts of the books.
For the Aeneid, the AP Test will only be testing you on the content of books 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, & 12;
for the Gallic War , books 1, 6, & 7.
Even though not all 12 books of the Aeneid are tested specifically on the AP Test, you will still benefit
greatly from an understanding of the book as a whole (as well as a working knowledge of Homer’s Iliad &
Odyssey ). Hence, the first part of your summer assignment:
I. Read the intro to the Aeneid (attached), a summary of the Aeneid (listed), and (while reading - )
highlight the important people and gods found in the Aeneid (attached).
Acceptable summaries to choose from to read:
http://www.bookrags.com/notes/and/
http://www.gradesaver.com/the-aeneid/study-guide/ (not the short summary – the real ones)
*I have copies of the book available if you would like to read it!!
*There will be a content/character quiz the 2nd week of school to make sure you have read and retained.
II. Complete the following charts.
Try to complete them first from memory IN PENCIL, but then use outside resources to check and
correct your work. I have provided different youtube links that review some of these concepts. They may
be a little boring, but are a good idea especially if you are rusty. (DO THESE THE WEEK BEFORE
SCHOOL STARTS!!)
A. Noun uses and endings. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fhP_fk2wNQ
B. Monster Verb (form and translate like normal)
Moods, especially subjunctive (ALL SHOULD WATCH!):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4DAlpx2stGA
C. Relative Pronouns
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=znbhuF6dBVE
D. Demonstrative Adjectives/Pronouns
hic haec hoc: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5TRxFlMjccU
ille illa illud: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TcdvPsw-1Q
E. Personal Pronouns
1st & 2nd: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AU3X-jdXwA4
3rd: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=74R9hHFr0JI
III. You will need 2 3-ring binder (about 1 ½ inch) for this class – one for Vergil, one for Caesar. Please
bring one of these with you the first day of class.
Please email me if you lose any of these or have any questions! Gratias!
[email protected] or [email protected]
About The Aeneid
The Aeneid is Vergil's masterpiece, the product of eleven years of intensive work. Legend has it that Vergil
wrote this epic out of order, separating it into twelve books and working on each one whenever he
pleased. Still unfinished at the time of Vergil's death in 19 B.C., the manuscript was nearly destroyed; the
perfectionist Vergil, it seems, was unsatisfied with the product, and had declared in his will that it must
be burned should anything happen to him. Fortunately enough for countless generations of readers,
Emperor Augustus denied Vergil his request and handed over the manuscript to two of Vergil's friends.
The men revised the document, changing only the most obvious errors, and published one of the most
brilliant epic poems in history.
The Aeneid, in essence, is Vergil's answer to Homer's Odyssey and Iliad. Much as Homer's great epics tell
the story of the Greeks, the Aeneid is the tale of the founding of Rome. Although largely fictitious, the
narrative interweaves historical elements with the popular mythology of the era - a technique that speaks
to the poet's power to transform the fruits of imagination into popularly accepted fact.
Although history suggests that Rome began as a series of small tribal villages populated by Europeans
from the north, the Romans of Vergil's day had a far more romantic perspective on their origins. They
believed that their great empire had begun when the Trojans, in the wake of the fall of Troy, had fled
across the Mediterranean Sea to Lautium (later called Rome). They held that this band of brave Trojans
had been led by Aeneas, whose descendants formed a line of kings leading up to Romulus and Remus, two
sons of Mars (the god of war) and the Vestal Virgin Rhea Silvia. These two brothers, it was believed, were
the founders of present-day Rome. Because the Aeneid tells the story of their heroic ancestor, it is
therefore the tale of the first years of a dynasty - a topic that undeniably was popular among Vergil's
contemporaries.
The driving force behind the Aeneid is the will of the gods, a popular theme with parallels in Homer's
works. The Italian gods and goddesses are so closely linked to their Greek counterparts that Romans
generally thought of them as the same deities with different names. These beings, with their capricious
tendencies and unpredictable personalities, shape the voyage of Aeneas and his companions.
Interestingly, the one thing that they cannot do (with the exception of Jupiter, king of the gods) is dictate
the outcome of the events: the text repeatedly refers to Aeneas's fate as the founder of Rome, clearly
playing to a Roman audience that would have enjoyed the notion of being a people destined for greatness.
Aeneas's considerable struggles are the consequence of an old grudge: at the outset of the poem, Vergil
describes the anger of Juno, queen of the goddesses, over "the judgment of Paris". Vergil refers to this
"judgment" so briefly because it is a tale that would have been immediately familiar to his Roman
audience: Paris, asked to choose the fairest of three goddesses, chose Venus, the goddess of love, because
she promised him the most beautiful woman in the world for a wife if he were to select Venus. Juno, one
of the two goddesses not chosen, was so infuriated by this decision that she became determined to do all
that she could to harm the handsome Trojan's descendants.
More abstractly, the Aeneid is ultimately about virtue: Aeneas is an idealized hero, almost too good to be
true, who embodies nearly all of the virtues most prized by the Romans of Vergil's day. Aeneas is
courageous, kind, respectful of the gods and of his ancestors, pious, a skilled warrior, and an inspiring
leader. The epic is not only the tale of the heroic origins of the Roman people, but also a story about the
triumph of morality. By crafting such a flawless hero, Vergil was playing directly to his audience, holding
before them a vision of their remarkable, virtuous ancestry.
ROMAN DEITIES IN THE AENEID (and their Greek parallels, if any)
Allecto
a Fury who instills the poison of irrational rage into her victims,
especially Amata and Turnus
Apollo
(same name in Greek) sun god; son of Jupiter and Latona; the god
of prophecy; brother of Diana
Cupid
(Eros) son of Venus
Diana
(Artemis) goddess of the moon, the hunt and the woods; daughter
of Jupiter and Latona; sister of Apollo
Iris
rainbow goddess; Juno's messenger
(Roman name: Arcus – not used often)
Juno
(Hera) wife and sister of Jupiter; daughter of Saturn; god of
marriage; chief goddess of Carthage; hates Trojans because of
Judgment of Paris among other things
Jupiter
(Zeus) chief deity; husband and brother of Juno; son of Saturn
Lares
household, hearth-centered, ancestral gods, which Aeneas brings
along with the Penates from Troy to Italy; these, along with the
Penates, are small enough for Anchises to carry while Aeneas
carries him
Penates
household gods or gods of the state; Aeneas brings the Trojan
state gods with him from Troy to Italy
Mars
(Ares) god of war; son of Jupiter
Mercury
(Hermes) messenger
Minerva
(Athena)-goddess of wisdom, battle and household arts such as
weaving
(Poseidon) god of the sea; brother of Jupiter; helped build the walls
Neptune of Troy, but King Laomedon, Priam's father, refused to pay him, so
he became an enemy of Troy
Saturn
(Chronos) previous chief god; father of Jupiter, who deposed him
Venus
(Aphrodite) mother of Aeneas and of Cupid; goddess of love; she
constantly worries about her son Aeneas, despite Jupiter's
assurances that he will be fine
Vulcan
(Hephaestus) husband of Venus, god of the forge and fire
GREEK CHARACTERS IN THE AENEID:
(Greeks = Danaans, Argives, Achaeans, Pelasgians)
Pyrrhus
son of Achilles, a.k.a. Neoptolemus; during the destruction of Troy, he killed a son of Priam and
Hecuba in front of their eyes, and then killed Priam at his own altar; he also captured their daughter
Andromache, Hector's widow, as his concubine
Sinon
a deceitful Greek who pretended to flee from the Greeks to the Trojans, told lying tales about the
Trojan Horse and how, if it were taken into Troy, Troy could not be taken; he then released the soldiers
from inside the Trojan Horse to destroy Troy
Ulysses
(Odysseus)- the treacherous fellow who devised the Trojan Horse that destroyed Troy; a brilliant, cruel,
self-seeking manipulator
TROJAN CHARACTERS IN THE AENEID:
(Trojans = Teucrians, Phrygians, Dardanians)
Aeneas
Trojan prince, son of Venus and Anchises, father of Ascanius, lover of
Dido, ancestor of the Roman people
Anchises
Aeneas' father; carried by Aeneas from fallen Troy
Andromache
widow of Hector, captured at fall of Troy by Pyrrhus; eventually married
Helenus
Ascanius
(a.k.a. Iulus) son of Aeneas and Creusa
Creusa
Aeneas' wife who dies during the flight out of Troy
Euryalus
Trojan warrior; friend of Nisus; killed during a brave sortie with Nisus
after killing many Latin enemies; Nisus and Euryalus became a model of
loyal, brave friendship
Hecuba
queen of Troy, wife of Priam
Helenus
a son of Priam; a prophet; eventually married the widowed Andromache
and became king in Epirus
Laocoon
Trojan priest; tried to warn the Trojans about the Trojan horse by
thrusting a spear against it; killed by serpents
Nisus
Trojan warrior; friend of Euryalus; killed during a brave sortie with
Euryalus after killing many Latin enemies
Priam
king of Troy; killed by Pyrrhus
Polydorus
Trojan who was treacherously killed by the king of Thrace; buried under a
bush which bled when Aeneas tried to tear off a branch; his ghost warns
Aeneas to flee from Thrace
CARTHAGINIAN CHARACTERS IN THE AENEID:
(Carthaginians = Tyrians, Phoenicians)
Anna
Dido's sister; encouraged Dido in her affair with Aeneas
Dido
queen and founder of Carthage, widow of Sychaeus; falls in love with Aeneas; kills herself when he
leaves; also called Elissa
Sychaeus
Dido's dead first husband; they are reunited in the Underworld
OTHER CHARACTERS IN THE AENEID (in Italy):
Amata
queen of Latium; wife of Latinus; mother of Lavinia; wanted Turnus to marry Lavinia
Camilla
female warrior, ally of Turnus in Latium
Evander
a good Greek; Aeneas' ally; founder of Pallanteum; father of Pallas
Latinus
king of Latium, husband of Amata, father of Lavinia
Lavinia
daughter of Amata and Latinus; loved by Turnus; destined to be Aeneas' wife to join the two warring
peoples (Trojans and Latins) in peace
Pallas
young warrior, son of Evander, ally of Aeneas, killed by Turnus
Sibyl
Apollo's priestess; guides Aeneas into the Underworld where he meets his dead father and learns the
future of the Roman race
Turnus
king of the Rutulians; heads opposition to Aeneas in Italy; wants to marry Lavinia; kills Pallas; killed
by Aeneas
Nouns (& Adjectives)
Nouns can have different cases, numbers, and genders. An adjective modifies (matches) the noun that it
goes with in those 3 ways.
Translation
Cases
Uses
the word
Nominative
“of ___” or ’s
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Decline each noun into all the different cases. Remember that a noun can only be in 1 declension (one of
these columns). You can figure that out by looking at the nominative form and especially the genitive
form!
1st
Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
Nom
Gen
Dat
Acc
Abl
terra
2nd Masc
animus
2nd Neut
aurum
3rd Mas/Fem
3rd Neut
rex
os
regis
oris
4th Mas/Fem
fluctus
5th Mas/Fem
res
Relative Pronouns
I. Fill out the missing words of the Relative Pronouns chart:
NOM
masculine
feminine
neuter
Translation
qui
quae
quod
who, which
GEN
cui
DAT
ACC
ABL
(Plural)
quae
NOM
GEN
DAT
quae
ACC
ABL
quibus
II. Answer the following questions:
1. What is an antecedent?
2. In what ways does the relative pronoun have to match the antedecent?
III. Remember – you will see things attached to your relative pronouns.
The attachment -dam = a certain (sing.), some (pl.)
Personal Pronouns
1st
2nd
Fem
Neut
is
-----
eius
sui
Dat
ei
sibi
Acc
eum
se
Abl
eo
se
e
----
Gen
e
sui
Dat
e
sibi
Acc
e
se
e
se
Nom
ego
Masc.
Reflexives
tui
Gen
Nom
nos
vobis
Abl
*Personal pronouns for 1st & 2nd person can be used reflexively. 3rd person will use the special reflexive
pronouns.
*Memento: the 3rd person pronoun (is, ea, id) can also be used as adjectives to mean “that” or “those”
Give the correct form of the appropriate Latin pronoun to translate the English word in italics.
1. I heard nothing. Did you hear something, Marcus?
_____
______
2. She didn’t see him, but I saw you.
______
______ _____ ______
3. He gave the book to you, not to me.
_____
_______
_______
4. He saw himself in the mirror. (reflexive)
____
________
5. I saw myself in the water’s reflection. (reflexive, but still a 1st person pronoun)
____
________
Demonstrative pronouns/adjectives
I. Write out all the forms for the demonstrative adjective which means “this” or “these.”
Singular
Nominative
Masculine
Feminine
Neuter
hic
haec
hoc
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
hanc
Ablative
Plural
Nominative
haec
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Write out all the forms for the demonstrative adjective that means “that” or “those.”
Masculine
Singular
Nominative
Feminine
ille
Neuter
illud
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
Plural
illa
Nominative
Genitive
Dative
Accusative
Ablative
illis
MONSTER VERB QUIZ
pono ponere posui positus – to put/place (3RD SING)
Active
Indicatives
Present
Form:
Form:
Trans:
Trans:
Form:
Form:
Trans:
Trans:
Form:
Form:
Trans:
Trans:
Form:
Form:
Trans:
Trans:
Form:
Form:
Trans:
Trans:
Fut
Form:
Form:
Perf
Trans:
Trans:
Imperf
Future
Perfect
Pluper
Subjunctives
Passive
Present
Imperfect
Perfect
Pluperfect
Participles: (Some will have Xs!!)
Active
Present
Perfect
Future
Passive
Form:
Form:
Trans:
Trans:
Form:
Form:
Trans:
Trans:
Form:
Form:
Trans:
Trans:
Infinitives:
Active
Present
Perfect
Future
Form:
Form:
Trans:
Trans:
Form:
Form:
Trans:
Trans:
Form:
Form:
Trans:
Trans:
Imperatives:
Singular
Plural
Passive
Positive
Negative
Form:
Form:
Trans:
Trans:
Form:
Form:
Trans:
Trans: