Download Ch. 54 – Community Ecology

Name________________________________________________________________
Pd.________
Ch. 54 – Community Ecology
2016-17
Concept54.1:_______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
1.Speciesinteractions
b-Ifanorganism’shabitatisits“____________________________,”thenicheistheorganism’s
Species
interactions
commensalism J K
c-Competitiveexclusion:Theconceptthatwhen_________________________oftwosimilar
*a-Completeeachspaceinthetablewithoneofthefollowing:J,L,orK.Onehasbeen
doneforyou.Theanswerswillbespreadoverthenextseveralpages.
“________________________”.
speciescompeteforthesamelimited____________________,onepopulationwillusethe
resourcesmore_______________________andhavea_______________________advantagethatwill
eventuallyleadtothe_______________________oftheotherpopulation.
2.ResourcePartitioning
a-ResourcePartitioning:Whentwospecieshaveidentical
niches,anotheroptionisforeachofthemtoevolvetouse
aslightlydifferentsetof__________________________,over
timeresultinginthemoccupyingslightlydifferent
_____________________.
b-HowdotheAnolislizardsintheDominicanRepublic
managetocoexistdespitehavingsuchsimilardiets?
c-Usetheexampleofthebarnaclesspecies(Figure54.3)to
explainthedifferencebetweenafundamentalnicheanda
realizedniche.Labelasnecessary.
competition
disease
mutualism
parasitism
predation
3.DefensiveAdaptationsandmorespeciesinteractions
a-BothBatesianmimicryandMullerianmimicryhaveacommongoal:protection,buttheydifferslightlyinmethods.
InBatesianmimicry,a__________________speciesmimicsa(n)____________________one.InMullerianmimicry,a
__________________speciesmimicsa(n)____________________one.
b-Giveanexampleofeach:
-Batesianmimicry: -Mullerianmimicry:
c-Ifatapeworminvadesyourbody,thewormiscalledthe_______________________,andyouareitslucky___________.
d-Technically,adisease-causingagent(a________________________)isnotaparasite.
e-Brieflydescribetwoexamplesofmutualism:
f-Brieflydescribeoneexampleofcommensalism:
4.InterspecificInteractions(onlineactivity)
•Whatistherelationshipbetween:
a-…theduckandtheshrew?
b-…theshrewandroundworms?
c-…thesparrowandtheowl?
d-…egretandlargegrazinganimals?
e-…nitrogen-fixingbacteriaandcertainsmall
plants?
Concept54.2:________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
5.SpeciesDiversity
a-Thereisalotofunnecessarymathhere.SummarizetheShannonDiversityIndexusingwordsonly–justtheconcept
ofwhatitmeasures.
6.DiversityandCommunityStability
Explainthefollowing:
a-biomass
b-invasivespecies
7.TrophicStructure
a-Labelthelevelsofthefoodchainwithbothtermsforeachlevel(e.g.“herbivoreandprimaryconsumer”)
b-Foodchainsarenotisolatedunitsbutarelinkedtogetherin
____________________.
c-Accordingtotheenergetichypothesis(biologists’termforthe_________
LawofThermodynamics),whycan’tfoodchainsbetoolong?
8.SpecieswithaLargeImpact
a-WhatisaKeystoneSpecies?
b-Explainhowtheotterisanexampleofakeystonespecies.
c-Answerconceptcheck54.2question3.
Concept54.3:________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
9.Disturbances
a-Whatisadisturbance,andlistsomeexamples.
10.Succession
a-CompletethetablecomparingthetwotypesofEcologicalSuccession:
Whendoesitoccur?
(includeexamples)
Typeof
succession
↓
Primary
Secondary
Howaretheysimilar?
(includeatypicallistofplants)
*Incidentally,thisiswhatisintendedwhenyouareaskedtocompare2concepts.Todothis,youneedtoanswertwo
questions:Howaretheydifferent,andhowaretheysimilar?
Mostlyskipconcept54.4and54.5
11.Speciesrichness(page1226)
a-Brieflysummarizethegeneralrelationshipbetweenareaandspeciesrichness