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CULTURE MATTERS: UNIT 3 NAME:___________________________________ MOD.____________ • • • • • Describe culture and explain the significance of national culture and subcultures Identify the components of culture and describe their impact on international business Describe cultural change and explain how companies and culture affect each other Explain how the physical environment and technology influence culture Describe two frameworks used to classify cultures and explain their practical use Kimberley Process Certification Scheme (KPCS) Process designed to ______________________ of rough diamonds from sources which are ______________________ funded by diamond production. CULTURE Set of _______________________________________________ held by a specific group of people (customs) RACE Person’s _______________ ETHNOCENTRICITY Belief that one’s own ethnic group or culture is __________________ ________________________________________________________ WHY AVOID ETHNOCENTRICITY? 1) Can cause us to view other cultures in terms __________________ and cause us to ______________ important human and environmental __________________ among cultures. 2) It can _________________ our business projects if we are ____________________ to cultural nuances (_____________) CULTURAL LITERACY ___________________________of a culture that enables a person to function _________________________________. WHY DEVELOP CULTURAL LITERACY? 1)Cultural literacy improves the ability of managers to __________ employees, _______________&______________ products; _____________ negotiations in local markets. 2) It can bring us and our companies closer to customers’ _________ and can increase ___________________________________. GLOBAL MINDSET Because of the complexity of doing business today, it is a prerequisite For managers to build multi-cultural relationships to achieve results. CULTURAL ADAPTABILITY Manager must be knowledgeable of an unfamiliar culture and _______________________________ accordingly to lead multicultural teams. BUILDING GLOBAL MENTALITY Developing an _____________________________ mentality toward all things unfamiliar, ___________________ global business principles, and _______________________________ our abilities to implement strategies. BRIDGING THE GAP Employing __________________ when Western management ideas are applied to Eastern cultures and vice versa (ex: Western Managers may implement ___________________________ practices In Asia to better suit Asian values of group consensus. FLEXIBILITY IS KEY Flexibility cannot be ______________________ because the more _________________________ the issue, the greater is local culture’s Influence on that issue. SUBCULTURE People who share a ________________________ within a larger culture (ex : language, race, lifestyle, attitudes, etc.) COMPONENTS OF CULTURE Business is conducted within the context of society. Culture is a collection of values, beliefs, behaviors, customs and attitudes that distinguish one society from another. A society’s culture determines the rules that govern how firms operate within a society. AESTHETICS All that a culture considers to be in “___________________” and beauty as expressed in arts, imagery evoked by certain expressions, and symbolism of colors. VALUE ______________________________________________________________ to which people are emotionally attached. Accept certain things and reject others In Japan and Saudi Arabia, the initial business meeting often focuses on determining whether the parties_________________________________, rather than on the details of the meeting. This time is not being wasted. Because these cultures value personal relationships so highly, time is being utilized for an important purpose—assessing the qualities of potential business partners. ATTITUDES __________________________________________________________people hold toward objects or concepts In U.S. we believe time is money so don’t waste it. In Arab cultures, meetings may not only start later than stated time but may be interrupted by family and friends who wander in to exchange pleasantries. We consider this rude and undermines our dignity but to Arabs, it is considered to reflect an open-door policy that reflect the hospitality of the host and respect the host offers to all guests—just the kind of person with whom the Arab presumes the Western wants to do business with. MANNERS Appropriate ________________. ________________& _______________/ Conducting business before, during, and after meals is common practice In U.S. but unacceptable in other cultures which prefer to wait until _____________________. CUSTOMS Traditional ________________ or ________________ in _____________ circumstances. FOLK __________________________of elements of a culture from ______________________ to _______________________ (Islamic tradition - _______________) Pre-dates Islam and is symbol of _____________ identify. “To put on a turban” is associated with conversion to Islam. Profit Mohammad know as the weaver of the turban, believed the headdress represented piety, dignity, and manhood and was used as a way of distinguishing Muslims from other Arab civilizations who wore similar clothing. POPULAR Practiced by________________________ group or by several groups _____________ has long been associated with Mexico. Originated in Spain during Spanish War when Moorish chieftains and Christian knights turned their rivalry toward the ring and competed against each other In the killing of bulls. Spaniards brought their game of skill to New World and it soon took root in Mexico GIFT GIVING Giving __________ gifts to business and government associates. U.S. FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT Prohibits companies from giving _______________________ to __________________________________ and applies to U.S. firms at ___________ and ________________. FCPA about ______________ _______________________, __________________________________. SOCIAL STRUCTURE _____________ is grouped into structurally related groups or sets of roles with different _____________, _____________, or _____________. Examples of social structures: __________________________________. They influence economic, legal, political, and cultural systems. SOCIAL GROUP ________ or more people who _____________ and _______________ with each other. Defining characteristic: ______________________. Contribute to individuals ________________ and __________________ Nuclear Family Extended Family Common in __________________________________________________. Includes _____________________________________________________ Common in __________________________________________________ Includes _____________________________________________________ Gender –socially learned traits associated with men and women. Cultures differ in their view of gender equality at work. SOCIAL STRATIFICATION Process of ____________ people into social layers according to _____________________, ________________, _________________ Based on four principles: 1) It is a trait of ___________, not simply a reflection of ________________ _______________; (2) It carries over from ____________________________; (3) It is _______________; (4) It involves not just inequality but also __________. SOCIAL MOBILITY Ease of moving up or down a culture’s ____________________________. ____________ and _______________ affect social mobility as well as ____________________________________________________________. restricts people to social rankings in which they are _________. Expectations are to _________ and ____________ with people of the same Social class. (ex: India) ___________________ and _______________ decide social status and mobility. Can improve status by _____________________ and Getting a better __________. Caste system Class system WORLD RELIGIONS Religious beliefs important because 1) they ___________ peoples values; 2) Religious views of work, savings, and materials goods influence _______________________________________________________________ CHRISTIANTIY World’s largest religion with over 300 denominations, 2B members. Roman Catholics expected to refrain from placing __________________ above ________ and _____________ Protestants believe salvation comes from ________________________ and ________________ gives glory to God. ISLAM World’s second largest religion with 20.28% of world’s population. Islam means __________________________. and Muslim means ________________________. Devout Muslims let their religion determine acceptable goods and services. (ex: strict Muslims do not drink _______________, eat _______________ or charge _________ on money lent. HINDUISM World’s third largest religion with 15% of world’s population. _________ system influences people’s way of like and occupational Options. Strict Hindus do not eat or harm _______________________ because of the belief in _______________________ - rebirth of the human soul at the time of death. BUDDHISM Life centered on ____________ rather than ___________ matters. Seek ____________________(escape from reincarnation) through charity, modesty, compassion for others, restraint from violence, and general self-control CONFUCIANISM __________________ violates strict beliefs. Merchants distrusted. JUDAISM Key holidays _____________________ (Jewish New Year); __________________ (Day of Atonement); __________________ (Exodus from Egypt) and __________________ ( ancient victory over Syrians. Work schedules adjusted for these holidays and _______________ (from sundown Friday to sundown Saturday) Fully observant Jews eat only _______ foods (food that adheres to Jewish law) ______________ or ___________________ SHINTO Native religion of ______________. Teaches sincere and ethical behavior, loyalty and respect toward others and enjoyment of life. Reflects itself in workplace through practice of lifetime employment for workers and high degree of trust between firms and customers, loyal workforces, low employee turnover, and good labor-management cooperation. LANGUAGE BLUNDERS _________________________ is the most critical part and the most common factor in the majority of business blunders. Good communication links are essential if there is to b a _____________________ relationship between a ______________ and its __________________, _____________________, _____________________, and _____________________________. Advertising slogans and company documents should be carefully translated so messages are received precisely as intended. LINGUA FRANCA _______________ of communication between people of different languages. ex: If one speaks _______________ and not ________________ and the other speaks ________________ and not ________________________ but both speak _______________ English becomes the ______________ ______________________. BODY LANGUAGE Communication through _____________ cues (hand gestures, facial expressions, physical greetings, eye contact, and manipulation of personal space) EDUCATION Cultures pass on _________________,________________________, and __________________ through schooling, parenting, group membership, etc. EDUCATION LEVEL Well-educated attract _____________________ jobs; poorly educated attract ______________________ manufacturing jobs. EMIGRATION Act of _____________one country or region to settle in another IMMIGRATION Act of ___________ in another country for purpose of settlement BRAIN DRAIN Emigration of _____________________ people from one profession, geographic region or nation to another. REVERSE BRAIN DRAIN ILLITERACY Return of highly educated individuals to their ___________________. Occurs when scientists, engineers, or other intellectual elites migrate to a less developed country to learn in its universities, perform research, or gain working experience in areas where education and employment opportunities are limited in their home country. These professionals then return to their home country after several years of experience to start a related business, teach in a university, work for a multi-national in their home country. illiteracy is an inability to use language -- an inability to read, write, listen and speak. Having been poor is no shame, but being ashamed of it, is – Benjamin Franklin