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Storms, Tornadoes, & Hurricanes Tutorial: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4588149.stm All Storms: • Low pressure at center • Warm air rising, cooling, and condensing • Cumulonimbus clouds Thunderstorms: • Cumulonimbus Clouds • Usually Cold fronts • Separation of charged particles in cloud. Dust, salts, etc. Have charges. • Top of cloud (+); Bottom (-) • Lightening = electrons moving from (-) to (+). • Thunder = rapid thermal expansion of air molecules (follows lightening, sound moves slower) Tornadoes: • Small, intense cyclonic storm w/ high winds • Spring season (Colliding air masses have greatest temp. difference. Canadian air still cold, Gulf air has warmed up) Ingredients: • Cold fronts & C.nimbus clouds • Shearing winds & flat land Hurricanes Storm system characterized by a large lowpressure center and numerous thunderstorms that produce strong winds and heavy rain. Wind speed: 74 mph (before 74 mph, storm is called a Tropical Storm or Depression) Season: June 1 – Nov. 30 Peak Season: Late Summer (Aug.& Sept). (Remember, water heats up slower than land) Ingredients for a Hurricane 1. Warm tropical waters (80F) Our hurricanes form off coast of Africa 2. Low Pressure system above warm water (sucks warm moist air in to create storm) 3. Cumulonimbus clouds form fr. rising warm moist air that condenses 4. Gentle winds (Tradewinds) ROTATE clouds and STEER hurricanes. 5. Eye forms from dense cool air sinking into Low Pressure Eye: Dense, dry, sinking air from the upper atmoshere; calm Eye Wall: is a circle of strong T.storms that surrounds the eye; greatest wind speeds ;precipitation & wind . Hurricanes MOVE HEAT in Earth’s oceans. Move warm tropical water to colder places. When hurricanes “hit” land (Landfall), they fall apart (lose moisture). When hurricanes move to colder water they fall apart (Low pressure lessens) Path of Hurricane: In tropics: Tradewinds move them across the Atlantic from E W In temperate latitudes: Westerlies move them from W E. http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/gifs/DC_16_2001-2005.jpg States most affected: Gulf States (but East Coast in general) http://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/classes/met130/notes/chapter15/formatio n.html http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/gifs/DC_16_2001-2005.jpg Hurricane Hazards 1. High speed winds (74 mph +) – knock down trees & power lines 2. Heavy rains (flooding) 3. Coastal Areas – STORM SURGE Water piles up under the low pressure center. When the water pile moves inland it causes flooding. Clouds and Storms: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xk18W2OWZT0&feature=related Tornadoes: Nat.geo: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-K-z-mZ9Va4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DS0V8itbGEg http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a_MuaWDg5Z0&feature=related Hurricanes Hurricane Season 2005 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5vsYs2hRNI Nat. Geo. Podcast http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEPZOC6YHUc BBC: How Hurricanes are Born http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4f45jA5UxB0