Download Fetal Pig Dissection - Part II Terms

Fetal Pig Dissection - Part II Terms
ORAL CAVITY ORGANS/STRUCTURES (they aid in digestion)
_______________________________: contains taste buds and papillae
_______________________________________: ridged surface on roof of oral cavity
_______________________________________: soft tissues of oral cavity, located behind hard palate
_________________________________________: produce saliva to lubricate food for ease in swallowing;
produce enzymes that start digestion; they keep mucous membranes in the mouth moist
1.
2.
3.
Parotid gland
Mandibular gland
Sublingual gland
ORGANS/STRUCTURES LOCATED IN THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY
(PERITONEAL CAVITY) THAT ARE PART OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
_________________________________________: the muscular tube used for the passage of food from the
mouth to the stomach
_________________________________________: the thickest part of the digestive tube that receives food
from the esophagus; produces acid for chemical digestion
____________________________________________:a hard ring of smooth muscle in between the stomach
and the small intestine; regulates the release of partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach into the
duodenum
___________________________________ : the longest and most important part of the digestive tube;
secretes digestive enzymes and completes digestion; where most absorption occurs of digested nutrients into the
blood
1. ___________________ ____________________: lst part of sm. intestine; connected to stomach
2. ____________________: 2nd part of the sm. intestine
3.
_
rd
___________________ : 3 and last portion of the sm. intestine that connects to the large intestine
______________________________________: thin, clear membrane of peritoneum that connects the small
intestines to the abdominal wall and holds them in place; contains blood vessels that carry oxygen to and carbon
dioxide away from the small intestine
_____________________________________: also called colon; absorbs water, vitamins and minerals and stores
indigestible material until it leaves body
___________________________________ : the final part of colon; helps store undigestible material until it
leaves the body
_____________________________________: opening ventral to tail where feces is excreted
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______________________________________:long, whitish, cauliflower-like organ/gland located below
stomach; produces digestive enzymes
ORGANS/STRUCTURES LOCATED IN THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY (PERITONEAL CAVITY)
THAT ARE NOT PART OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
____________________________: fluid-filled space/body cavity found between the body wall and the digestive
tract; buffers and suspends internal organs
____________________________: thin, clear membrane that covers organs and holds them securely in place
________________________ : gland that detoxifies blood, stores reserves of sugar for emergency, and
produces and secretes bile into gall bladder; has 5 lobes
 _________________: yellowish-green thick fluid produced by the liver, stored in gall bladder, and
transported through the common bile duct to duodenum part of the small intestine ; helps in
making and absorbing fats from digested food
 __________________: duct coming from liver that carries bile
__________________: sac within lobes of liver that stores bile produced by the liver
 __________________: duct coming from gall bladder that carries bile
__________________: duct formed when cystic duct and hepatic duct combine; attaches to the duodenum of the
small intestine and empties bile into it
_________________: destroys old red blood cells and makes new blood cells; stores blood to be used for
emergencies
 _________________ : thin, clear membrane of peritoneum that connects the spleen and stomach
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Fetal Pig Dissection - Part III Terms
ORGANS/STRUCTURES LOCATED IN THE THORACIC CAVITY
THAT ARE PART OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
___________________________________ : dome-shaped muscle (separates thoracic cavity from
abdominal cavity) that contracts to draw air into the lungs; most important organ in respiration
flap
_____________________________________ :slit-like opening to the trachea that allows air to
pass through; found in the oral cavity at the root of the tongue, surrounded by the epiglottis
____________________________________ : raised, cone-shaped flap of cartilage at the root of the
tongue that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing it directs it to the
esophagus instead
_________________________: (a.k.a. voice box) part of respiratory tract between oral cavity and
trachea, made of cartilage and muscle; contains vocal cords and produces sound as air is forced
through it
______________________ (a.k.a. windpipe) cartilage-ringed tube between larynx and lungs; it
branches to form two bronchi which penetrate the lungs and help carry air to and from lungs
_____________________:spongy respiratory organs through which gases are exchanged—oxygen is
taken into the body and carbon dioxide is released; fetal pigs have never taken a breath of air, so they
are dense because water has filled them while in the womb
GLANDS LOCATED IN THE THORACIC CAVITY THAT ARE NOT
PART OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
_____________________________: brown, bean-shaped gland on top of trachea; creates hormones to
control metabolism
___________________________ :gland located on upper area of heart; aids in development of white
blood cells; part of immune system
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Fetal Pig Dissection - Part IV Terms
ORGANS/STRUCTURES LOCATED IN THE URINARY
SYSTEM/EXCRETORY SYSTEM
_________________________________: pair of organs on dorsal body wall
1. function to maintain proper water and electrolyte balance in body
2. filter the blood of metabolic wastes and excrete wastes as urine
3. regulate acid/base concentration in blood and urine
_________________________________: liquid filtered by kidneys from blood; contains
waste water, salts, and metabolic wastes like urea (less toxic form of ammonia)
_________________________________: thin, clear membrane that cover organs
_________________________________: ducts that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary
bladder
_________________________________: a storage place for urine coming from the ureters;
remnant of the umbilical cord
_________________________________: thick duct that extends from the urinary bladder to the
outside of the body
ORGANS/STRUCTURES LOCATED IN THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
_________________________ : muscular pump that forces blood into arteries; four chambers
1. __________________________________________________: top right-hand, thin-walled chamber of
heart that gathers and pumps deoxygenated blood from the body and from the placenta
In fetal pig: blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle, then out of the heart through the
pulmonary artery. Instead of the blood next going out to the lungs to get oxygenated (like in an adult
pig), the blood bypasses the lungs and immediately gets shunted into the ductus arteriosus, which
temporarily in fetal pigs then connects to the aorta. From the aorta, the blood eventually connects to the
umbilical arteries, which wrap around the placenta to exchange food and gases with the mother. Then
the blood passes through the umbilical vein, which then passes through the liver into larger veins, and
then returns to the heart (to the rt. atrium if coming from the upper part of the body, or to the rt.
ventricle if coming from the lower part of the body).
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FETAL CIRCULATION
only in fetal animals
Ductus Arteriosus
Right Pulmonary Artery
Aortic Arch
Superior Vena Cava
Left Pulmonary Artery
Foramen Ovale (valve)
Ductus Venosus
Inferior Vena Cava
Liver
Umbilical Vein
Abdominal Aorta

Umbilical Arteries
Placenta

BABY!
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* In adult pig: when the pig is born and breathes through its lungs, the blood will go from
the right atrium to the right ventricle, then out of the heart through the pulmonary
artery to get oxygenated in the lungs. THEN the blood comes back from the lungs into
the left atrium, then down to the left ventricle, then out of the heart through the aorta.
The deoxygenated blood from the body is then pumped back through veins into the right
atrium, where it started


Pig’s
Right
Adult Pig
(that breathes air)

R.A.
L.A.


deoxygenated
blood pumped
from body
through veins
back into the
right atrium
blood out to lungs through
pulmonary artery to be
oxygenated
Lungs





R.V.
Pig’s
Left
blood from lungs to left atrium

L.V.

Next blood runs through aorta
out of the heart

1. ____________________________________: top left-hand, thin-walled chamber of heart that pumps
oxygenated blood into the left ventricle
2. ____________________________________: bottom left-hand, thick-walled muscular chamber that
pumps blood out of the heart into the aorta
3. ____________________________________: bottom right-hand, thick-walled muscular chamber that
pumps deoxygenated blood out of the heart into the pulmonary arteries to the lungs for gas
exchange (in an adult pig, because fetal pigs do not use their lungs yet)
Coronary Blood Vessels
if blocked,
1. ___________________________________: supplies food and oxygen to heart tissue
heart attack!
2. ___________________________________: remove waste from heart tissue
___________________________________: the free, pointed tip of the ventricles
___________________________________:large blood vessel leaving the heart at the right ventricle;
carries blood to lungs to be oxygenated in an adult pig
 ONLY ARTERY THAT CARRIES DEOXYGENATED BLOOD
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___________________________: short vessel that connects the pulmonary artery and aorta (only in
fetal animals)
**Important: Since the fetal lungs are not functional yet, there is no need for blood to go there.
Instead of blood going to lungs, the ductus arteriosis directs it to the aorta. This blood vessel
exists only in fetal pigs and mammals
umbilical
arteries
______________________________ : curved portion of aorta
___________________________: largest artery in body that carries blood from the
heart to be distributed by branch arteries; runs along spinal column
__________________________: carry oxygen-rich blood to the fetus from the placenta
__________________________: carries deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta
umbilical
vein
Fetal Pig Dissection—Part V Terms
ORGANS/STRUCTURES LOCATED IN THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
______________________________: membranes that cover the brain
______________________________: part of brain that consists of two halves (hemispheres) divided by a deep
groove called the longitudinal cerebral fissure - largest part of brain that controls sensory and mental functions
like thought, emotion, and memory
 ________________________: grooves indenting the surface of cerebrum
 _________________________ :folds of tissue projecting outward from surface of
cerebrum
____________________:part of brain directly behind cerebrum; coordinates
movements of parts of body; balance
____________________: part of brain directly behind cerebellum, which merges
with the spinal cord; controls respiration, heart rate, blood pressure
_____________________: long tube running through from brain to tail
_____________________: nerves coming from spinal cord
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