Download Témata dizertačních prací oboru „Zemědělství tropů a subtropů“

Témata dizertačních prací
oboru „Zemědělství tropů a
subtropů“
školní rok 2013/2014
Seznam témat podle kateder:
a) Katedra chovu zvířat a potravinářství v TS
1. Livestock behaviour on pastures: effect of of different type of stimuli on vigilance and
social interactions of grazing livestock (supervisor: doc RNDr. Pavla Hejcmanová,
Ph.D.)
2. Diversity of Anurans in the Serra da Bocaina National Park, Brazil (Supervisor: doc
RNDr. Pavla Hejcmanová, Ph.D.)
3. Influence of the space-allowance on the social behaviour of ungulates (Supervisor:
doc. RNDr. Pavla Hejcmanová, Ph.D.)
4. Endoparasite of farmed wild birds Phasianus colchicus and Alectoris rufa
(Galliformes: Phasianidae) (Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Pavla Hejcmanová, Ph.D.)
5. Detection of genetic structure and genome interactions of domestic forms and wild
species. (Supervisor: prof. MVDr. Eva Baranyiová, CSc.)
6. Evaluation of the Potential Risks of Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, Hg, As) in Animal Tissues
for Human Consumption in Selected European and Asian Regions (Supervisor:
Assoc.Prof. Daniela Lukešová, DVM, Ph.D.)
7. Surveillance of feline parvovirus prevalence in two captive wild carnivores (Panthera
tigris and Panthera leo) in the Czech Republic (Supervisor: Assoc.Prof. Daniela
Lukešová, DVM, Ph.D.)
8. Reproductive performance and milk yield in pure sheep breed following
crossbreeding (Supervisor: prof. Ing. Momany Shaker Mohamed, Ph.D. )
Topic 1:
Livestock behaviour on pastures: effect of of different type of stimuli on
vigilance and social interactions of grazing livestock
Supervisor : doc RNDr. Pavla Hejcmanová, Ph.D.
Annotation
During the long time of co-evolution of ungulates with their predator species they both evolve
effective mechanism how to survive. Only an appropriate response even to potential danger
ensures ungulate species successful reproduction and to increase their fitness. There is always
a trade-off as there will be always a motivation conflict between vigilant and other types of
behavior, mostly foraging. Ungulates must optimize their decisions in terms of proportion of
time spent by different activities and energy output. As most of the ungulates are herbivores,
grazing take considerable part of their day. The aim of the proposed research is to test the
mechanisms of vigilance behaviour of livestock (cattle, sheep, goat) on pastures. We aim to
determine particular reactions to different stimuli (acoustic, olphactorial, visual), mechanisms
of distinguishing between various signals from surrounding environment and to evaluate these
signals as potentially dangerous or not dangerous to them. Further attention will be paid to
finding out how vigilant behavior alternates other types of behavior, especially foraging
patterns and social interactions in herd animals. Data collection will be conducted by direct
observation of animals subjected to different stimuli in separate experiments. Stimuli will be
acoustic (predators versus neutral sound), olphactorial (predators versus neutral odour) and
visual (an unknown man will be used as a model predator for animals, eventually a model of a
relevant predator). Experiments will be carried out on pastures in the Czech Republic after an
agreement with livestock owners, on the experimental pasture Gruenschweige of Technical
University in Munich in Germany (near Freising) and in Senegal after agreement with owners
of selected farms of dairy cattle, sheep and goats.
Topic 2:
Diversity of Anurans in the Serra da Bocaina National Park, Brazil
Supervisor : doc RNDr. Pavla Hejcmanová, Ph.D.
Annotation
Agricultural activities and human population growth have a direct effect on biological
diversity. Tropical Atlantic Forest in Brazil is considered as one of world’s biodiversity
hotspots and concerning amphibians with more than 350 anuran species represents third core
of diversity with the highest level of endemism. Brazilian Atlantic Forest is also one of the
most endangered regions particularly by agriculture and man. Coastal line is highly populated
area and splitted remnants of the forest represent only 7% of original extend.
Ph.d. thesis will aim at describing anurofauna in part of Serra da Bocaina National Park in
Brazil, which is located in the largest remnant Serra do Mar and is protected since 1970.
Principal aims of the research will be to determine 1) alpha diversity in the region, 2) beta
diversity on larger area with different biotopes (area of primary and secondary forest, used
and unused degraded agricultural areas) 3) seasonal changes and differences of anurofauna
community composition (wet season and different periods of dry season) and 4) intrapopulation variability found within two species (Ischnocnema guentheri, Procerathopris
melanopogon). Aims 1 – 3 will be fulfilled by using visual encounter survey method on
created transects and pit fall trap method used in selected areas. Intra-population variability of
two species (Aim 4) will be tested using DNA analyses candidates for new species. The Ph.D.
thesis topic is an extension of a M.Sc. thesis project which allowed to collect baseline data
and enabled to formulate relevant aims and research questions.
Topic 3:
Influence of the space-allowance on the social behaviour of ungulates
Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Pavla Hejcmanová, Ph.D.
Supervisor – specialist :
Ing. Karolína Brandlová, Ph.D.
Annotation
Size of space area represents one of crucial factors affecting frequency and intensity of social
relationships of ungulates. On the basis of comparison of inter-individual distances among
animals in the wild and in a limited space of stables and fences enclosures we expect that
frequency and intensity of social behaviour displays will be increasing with decreasing interindividual distances and individual space. Shorter inter-individual distance may be not
exclusively a consequence of limited space, but also social preferences of concrete
individuals. The aim of the proposed research is to determine the dynamics of frequency and
intensity of social interactions in response to dynamics of inter-individual distances and in
response to social preferences. Research will be focused on social behaviour of giraffes and
antelopes in conditions of various available space in the human-managed breeding facilities.
Results may enable to reveal changes in social behaviour of ungulates related with their
breeding in limited space. Proposal follows up the research of giraffe behaviour running since
2007 in cooperation with Prague Zoo.
Data collection will be carried out by direct observations and camera records within three
types of breeding environment: 1) Bandia Reserve in Senegal (4 000 ha) without space
limitations among animals, 2) fenced enclosures in Czech zoos (dozens of hectares) with
shortened inter-individual distances, and 3) stables in Czech zoos and University farm Lány
with artificially very short inter-individual distances. Distances and social interactions
between concrete individuals will be recorded and analysed.
Topic 4:
Endoparasite of farmed wild birds Phasianus colchicus and Alectoris rufa
(Galliformes: Phasianidae)
Supervisor: doc. RNDr. Pavla Hejcmanová, Ph.D.
Supervisor – specialist: Ing. Ivan Pavlásek, DrSc.
Annotation
Although parasitic diseases of wild birds (Galliformes: Phasianidae) have been extensively
studied in the past, some of the pathogens still represent a problem in breeding conditions.
Throughout, most of the important parasites of wild birds have been described, research on
the parasite fauna and, in some cases, experimental studies for possible transmission pathways
between wildlife and domestic birds of the wide spectrum of pathogens is needed.
This study will focus on the protozoan and helminth parasites in both free-living and game
farm bred for hunting purposes populations of Phasianus colchicus and Alectoris rufa, the
production of the latter reaching thousands birds yearly. The main goals will be 1. To
delineate the parasite fauna of the model host species, 2) To assess seasonal patterns and onset
of parasitic infections until hunting season, 3) To identify, verify the zoonotic potential and
perform experimental study on Cryptosporidium spp., 4) To identify possible factors leading
to decrease of the prevalence and intensity of parasitic stages, 5) To develop effective
schedule for the application of antiparasitic drugs in nurseries in order to suppress the
occurrence of the most common types and the most pathogenic endoparasites on the basis of
the dynamics of the situation. Data collection will be conducted on a game farm in Konopiště
(Czech Republic, Benešov) by following diagnostic tools: Coprology (flotation technique,
native preparations), necropsy and histological examinations, experimental infections,
molecular diagnostic methods, statistical analyses. All samples and data will be processed
mostly in the laboratories of the State Veterinary Institute, Prague.
Proposed research should be considered as a tool to solve issues of parasitic diseases in
farmed wild birds of other species whether in the production or in breeding programs for
conservation of endangered species in our or conditions of the tropics and subtropics.
Topic 5: Detection of genetic structure and genome interactions of domestic forms and
wild species.
Supervisor: prof. MVDr. Eva Baranyiová, CSc.
Supervisor specialist: Mgr. Barbora Bolfíková
Funding: Grant IGA 51120/1312/3108. Research is conducted in scientific cooperation and
financial support of Faculty of Sciences at Charles University in Prague
Annotation
Widespread occurrence of domestic animals and their free movement in the area of their wild
ancestors is increasing concerns, that introgressive hybridization could disrupt local
adaptations and could lead to fitness loose. Hybrids are often behaviorally and physiologically
different than parental species. In the case of wolves and dogs, hybrids tend to be
physiologically more similar to wolves, but are less timid and might be bigger threat to cattle
than wild wolves. Recognizing of hybrids is technically very difficult and up to date methods
of population genetics and genomics are needed. The goal is to create methodology for
detection of possible hybrids and genome interactions between the wild species and its
domestic forms on a properly chosen animal model. As an appropriate model was selected
Eurasian wolf (Canis lupus) due to its presence in the wild and genetic knowledge of selected
breeds with known pedigree. Wolf is one of few big mammalian predators that survived
extinction of megafauna in the end of Pleistocene. Recently, population numbers have
increasing tendencies. Another aim is to apply the method developed on the wolf/dog model
on other animal species with potential hybridization, for instance closely related antelope
species. Laboratory applications will be proceed in laboratories of the Faculty of Tropical
AgriSciences CULS. We will use combination of few microsatellite loci, try to develop SNP
(single nucleotide polymorphism) in international cooperation with colleagues from Instituto
Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale, Italy.
Topic 6: Evaluation of the Potential Risks of Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb, Hg, As) in Animal
Tissues for Human Consumption in Selected European and Asian Regions
Supervisor: Assoc.Prof. Daniela Lukešová, DVM, Ph.D.
Annotation
Heavy metals (lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic) are very serious pollutants in the
environment and they are often analyzed in high concentrations in various animal tissues
(kidney, liver, muscle), in milk, and also in water and soil. This is a very high risk factor in
human nutrition, because they have a cumulative effect in animal tissues and they can cause
serious acute or chronic diseases (WHO, 2012). The aim of the research will be focused on
the evaluation of selected heavy metals in samples of animal tissues (livestock, wildlife and
fish). The ratio of heavy metals concentrations in liver, kidney and muscle of animals will be
analysed by chemical methods (ElectroThermal Atomic Absorption for Pb, Cd and
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spektrometry for As and Thermo-Oxidative
Decomposition Method of sample for Hg) in cooperation with State Veterinary Institute in
Prague, according EU standards. On this basis will be assess the risk factors for the consumer
of the meat and finally assess the degree of meat contamination by heavy metals of animals
(e.g. in Mongolia) in respect to limits of heavy metals concentrations allowed in meat
products for human consumption in selected European and Asian regions
Topic 7: Surveillance of feline parvovirus prevalence in two captive wild carnivores
(Panthera tigris and Panthera leo) in the Czech Republic
Supervisor: Assoc.Prof. Daniela Lukešová, DVM, Ph.D.
Annotation
Feline parvovirus (FPV) induced disease in cats has been known since the beginning of the
20th century. Despite initial observations, it has been demonstrated that lions (Panthera leo)
and tigers (Pantera tigris) may also be infected and develop clinical disease. From 1996 to
2011 have been published only eight relevant scientific publications on the topic, mostly from
Africa (Tanzania, Uganda, Botswana) and western India. Cases of fatal infection caused by
parvovirus in tiger (Panthera tigris) and African lion (Panthera leo) in the Portugal and
Hungary were recently described in captive wild carnivores in Europe by Duarte et al. (2009)
and Zoltán et al. (2010). The carcass of a young lioness and tigers prior to death can show
various clinical signs, including diarrhoea, walking in circles and in the final stages of the
diseases refusal of movement and lack of response to external stimuli. At present, a similar
clinical symptoms manifest in certain breeds of exotic animals in the Czech Republic. The
aim of the thesis will be to test pathological and histopathological changes, bacteriological
examination for common pathogens. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) will be used to
confirm and determine the parvovirus infection. According the phylogenetic analysis of FPV
strains from domestic cats and those isolated from the tiger and lion that stray cats could be
the source of infection. The feline parvovirus prevalence in captive wild carnivores and the
unfortunate consequences of the neglecting prophylactic immunization of susceptible exotic
animals that could be in contact with other, free-roaming animals, will be studied. A
serosurvey of viral infection (antibodies against feline/parvovirus, FPV) in lions and tigers
will be collected to determine infectious disease exposure in this threatened population.
Postvaccination antibodies against parvovirus FPV will be monitored and preventive measure
in breeding of exotic cats (Panthera tigris and Panthera leo) will be designed.
Topic 8: Reproductive performance and milk yield in pure sheep breed following
crossbreeding
Supervisor: prof. Ing. Momany Shaker Mohamed, Ph.D.
Annotation
The objective of the proposed study is to evaluate the effect of crossbreeding Awassi ewes
with either Charollais or Romanov sires, on pre-weaning lamb production as reflected by
reproductive performance and milk production in the ewes. Upon lambing, ewes and their
offspring will be place in a large pen in which they remain until the end of the trial. Body
weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) of the ewes and the BW of the lambs will be
recorded weekly from birth to weaning at 70 days of age. Milk production will be recorded
and analysed weekly from parturition to weaning. The effects of breed-type on pregnancy
rates, milk production, multiple births, fecundity of ewes, lamb birth, weaning weights of
lambs will be evaluated. Milk ash percentage, percentage of crude protein and dry matter will
be study according to the effects of breed-type. The crossbreeding of Awassi with Charollais
will be improved BW and BCS, while the crossbreeding of Awassi ewes with Romanov will
be improved reproductive performance of the crossbreds. We expect that the crossbreeding
Awassi ewes with exotic rams will be improving and increasing the Reproductive
performance and milk yield.
b) Katedra tropických a subtropických plodin a agrolesnictví
1. Morphological and genetic diversity of Amazonian agroforestry trees / Morfologická a
genetická diverzita agrolesnických dřevin z Amazonie (Supervisor: doc. Ing. Bohdan
Lojka, Ph.D.)
2. Impact of cacao agroforest on small mammals biodiversity / Vliv agrolesnických
system s kakaem na biodiverzitu malých savců (Supervisor: doc. Ing. Bohdan Lojka,
Ph.D.)
3. The use of biochar for soil improvement and increased crop production/ Využití
biocharu pro zlepšení půdní úrodnosti a zvýšení rostlinné produkce (Supervisor: doc.
Ing. Bohdan Lojka, Ph.D.)
4. Plant-derived products as effective inhibitors of diarrhea causing microorganisms
(Supervisor: prof. Ing. Ladislav Kokoška, Ph.D.)
5. Diversity, properties and management of underutilized root and tuber crops in the
Peruvian Amazon (Supervisor: doc. Ing. Bohdan Lojka, Ph.D.)
6. Traditional Food and Medicinal Plant Use by Vietnamese Immigrants in the City of
Prague, Czech Republic (Supervisor: doc. Ing. Bohdan Lojka, Ph.D.)
7. Vývoj markeru opakujících se sekvencí genomu méně pěstovaných rostlinných druhů
(Školitel: doc. Dr. Ing. Eloy Fernández C.)
8. Optimization and application of in vitro and in vivo biotechnological methods in
selected members of the genus Brassica /Optimalizace a aplikace vybraných in vitro a in
vivo biotechnologických postupů u vybraných zástupců rodu Brassica (Školitel: doc. Dr.
Ing. Eloy Fernández C.)
9. Indukovaná polyploidizace in vitro u vybraných léčivých a okrasných rostlin/ Induced
polyploidization in vitro of selected medicinal and ornamental plants (Školitel: doc. Dr.
Ing. Eloy Fernández C.)
10. In vitro množení okrasných rostlin a hodnocení genetické stability regenerantů
pomocí molekulárních markerů a průtokové cytometrie (u vybraného druhu čeledi
Orchidaceae)/ In vitro propagation of ornamental plants and assessment of genetic
stability of regenerants using molecular markers and flow cytometry (in selected species
of the family Orchidaceae (Supervisor: prof. Ing. Václav Kohout, DrSc.)
11. In vitro množení okopanin a hodnocení genetické stability regenerantů pomocí
molekulárních markerů a průtokové cytometrie (u vybraného druhu)/ In vitro
propagation of tuber crops and assessment of genetic stability of regenerants using
molecular markers and flow cytometry (in selected species) (Supervisor: prof. Ing.
Václav Kohout, DrSc.)
12. Aplikace molekulárních marekrů u méně známých ovocných druhů čeledi
Solanaceae/ Application of molecular markers in less known fruit species of Solanaceae
family (Školitel: prof. Ing. Václav Kohout, DrSc.)
Topic 1: Morphological and genetic diversity of Amazonian agroforestry trees /
Morfologická a genetická diverzita agrolesnických dřevin z Amazonie
Školitel: doc. Ing. Bohdan Lojka, Ph.D.
Školitel specialista: RNDr. David Honys, Ph.D. (AV ČR – Ústav experimentální botaniky)
Amazon region contain one of the highest tree species diversity in the world, but most of
these tree species were never intensively studies. On the other hand local high number of
these native trees is used by local population for their useful products and services, such as
fruit, timber, fuelwood, medicine, fodder etc. The sources of germplasm of these semidomesticated multipurpose trees are usually unknown and their further domestication could
help the farmers to increase their production. Moreover the genetic pool of these species can
be narrow by selection by farmers and thus there is an urgent need to find useful strategies for
conservation of their genetic diversity. In the last decade, there has been an enormous increase
worldwide in the use of molecular marker methods to assess genetic variation in trees. These
approaches can provide significant insights into the defining features of different taxa and this
information may be used do define appropriate management strategies for species. The results
from molecular marker research are very limited to date for tropical trees and especially for
the Amazonian species. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate morphological and genetic
diversity of selected Amazonian agroforestry tree species. The specific objective is to
investigate relationships and to characterize the level and structure of genetic variation of
selected tree. The study will include on-site collection of morphological data tissue samples of
selected species and then laboratory analysis in the CULS and Czech Academy of Science.
The marker techniques will be based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results
could help us to identify appropriate strategies for selected species germplasm conservation
and future domestication.
Topic 2: Impact of cacao agroforest on small mammals biodiversity / Vliv
agrolesnických system s kakaem na biodiverzitu malých savců
Školitel: doc. Ing. Bohdan Lojka, Ph.D.
Školitel specialista: prof. Thomas P. Husband (University of Rhode Island, USA)
Tropical forests contain some of the highest biodiversity of flora and fauna in the world.
However, biodiversity at all scales is increasingly threatened by a variety of human-induced
structural impacts. Replacement of native forest through clearing for agriculture continues to
be a major issue worldwide. The agroforestry, renowned for their high tree-species richness
and complex vegetation structure, stands out as promising biodiversity conservation tools. A
number of studies confirm that agroforestry systems are able to conserve biological diversity.
The objective of the proposed research is to assess the potential impact of agroforestry on
biodiversity conservation in Peruvian Amazon. We focus on relating habitat and animal
diversity in selected agroforestry systems as compared with primary and secondary forests
and slash-and-burn agriculture. To assess tree diversity, we will choose number of
representative sites in agroforestry, secondary and primary forests. On each site one 25- x 25m plot will be located and all trees ≥10 cm diameter at breast height (1.3 m) will be identified,
counted, and standard measurements recorded. The sampling of mammal diversity will be
conducted on the same plots in a slash-and-burn agricultural system. On each site 72 Sherman
traps for small mammals, four Tomahawk traps for medium-sized mammals will be set. In
addition, a 10-m-long drift fence with pitfalls will be established in the center of each site to
capture small mammals. Mammals will be trapped, identified, tagged with a fingerling ear
tag, standard morphometric and reproductive measurements taken, and a mouth swab sample
taken for later DNA analysis. The data collected on trees and mammals will be analyzed with
statistical models and traditional biodiversity analysis tools. The outputs of the proposed
research will be: 1. Assessment of mammal and tree diversity; 2. Evaluation of the capacity of
agroforestry to support natural forest biodiversity; 3. Determination of which habitat
parameters are important to animal diversity; and 4. Determination of phylogenetic and
taxonomic relationships of resident mammals. This research will increase our knowledge
about biodiversity conservation in tropical agroecosystems and help determine the value of
ecosystem services of these systems. The research will be conducted with the cooperation of
prof. Thomas P. Husband (University of Rhode Island), expert in tropical mammalogy.
Topic 3: The use of biochar for soil improvement and increased crop production/
Využití biocharu pro zlepšení půdní úrodnosti a zvýšení rostlinné produkce
Školitel: doc. Ing. Bohdan Lojka, Ph.D.
Školitel specialista: Ing. Jakub Houška, Ph.D. (FAPPZ, ČZU v Praze)
Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE), in Portuguese Terra Preta de Índio or, are anthropogenic
soils. Generally, soils of Amazonia are mainly acid Oxisols, Ultisols and Inceptisols with low
fertility. Characteristic feature of ADE is high C content, which is increased usually by
addition of high amount of biochar. According to many previous studies these anthropogenic
soils greatly improve the yields of cultivated crops. The objective of the study is to prove the
positive influence of biochar application on plant growth and biomass production and further
explore the possibility of biochar to improve the current agricultural systems in developing
countries (Peruvian Amazon, Congo). First part of the study will be a pot experiment. For the
experiment we will chose two locally grown crops and one native tree from three distinct. The
plants will be grown in pots with local Ultisol/Oxisol and different additions of biochar,
manure and inorganic NPK fertilizer. After three months of cultivation we will measure the
stems and roots, weighted above- and belowground biomass and analyzed pH and soil and
foliar nutrient contents. Additionally, study of charcoal production and utilization will be
done with in depth interview using questionnaires among local farmers and charcoal
producers. If some of the biochar addition will prove to be successful we will continue with
larger field trial.
Topic 4: Plant-derived products as effective inhibitors of diarrhea causing
microorganisms
Supervisor: prof. Ing. Ladislav Kokoška, Ph.D.
In frame of this thesis, the antimicrobial activity of extracts and compounds from medicinal
plants used in folk medicine for treatment of diarrhea will be tested using broth microdilution,
disk diffusion and bioautography methods against diarrhea related microorganisms e.g.
Campylobacter sp., Escherichia coli, Shigella sp., and Salmonella sp. The chemical
composition of the most prospective extracts will be characterized using GC-MS and HPLCMS methods. The supposed results of the thesis should be used by food or pharmaceutical
industries for development of new antimicrobial preparations
Topic 5: Diversity, properties and management of underutilized root and tuber crops in
the Peruvian Amazon
Supervisor: doc. Ing. Bohdan Lojka, Ph.D.
Supervisor-specialist: Ing. Zbyněk Polesný, Ph.D.
It is generally argued that neglected and underutilized crops, often conserved through use in
local rural or even marginal agroecosystems, can significantly contribute to secure qualitative
as well as quantitative nutrition of millions of people. The Amazon basin is a great reservoire
of plant resources, which are now under threat due to deforestation and subsequent
degradation of the cleared land. Among these species several plants with edible roots and
tubers occur being utilized by natives in times of food scarcity or they are simply
underutilized due to cultivation of popular “boom” crops such as sacha inchi, camu-camu, etc.
The scientific neglection of these edible roots and tubers could lead to continual decrease of
their genetic variability, which can limit their use potential for human nutrition as well as
human medicine as a source of bioactive compounds. The study will include several species,
e.g. Dioscorea trifida, Dioscorea bulbifera, Calathea allouia, Xanthosoma sagittifolium,
Colocasia esculenta, Canna edulis, Pachyrrhyzus ahipa, etc. The species will be characterized
from the point view of morphological and genetic diversity, nutritive value, and traditional
use and management.
Topic 6: Traditional Food and Medicinal Plant Use by Vietnamese Immigrants in the
City of Prague, Czech Republic
Supervisor: doc. Ing. Bohdan Lojka, Ph.D.
Supervisor-specialist: Ing. Zbyněk Polesný, Ph.D.
It is often assumed that the demand for traditional plant resources will decrease with
increasing welfare, because they will be replaced in time by modern cultivated and synthetic
products. Moreover, the reliance on medicinal plants may decline in the long term as modern
health care facilities become available. Recent studies on urban ethnobotany, however,
contradict these assumptions. Research on the use of medicinal plants by ethnic minorities in
EU and in the USA has shown that immigrants generally adhere to their culture and continue
their traditional medical practices after emigration. Instead of being replaced by conventional
medicine as part of the process of cultural adaptation, the demand for medicinal plants
remains, even when modern health care facilities are available. Although, most Vietnamese
immigrants in the Czech Republic have are able to take full advantage of Czech health care
facilities, they have probably retained their traditional knowledge on use of food and
medicinal plant species from Vietnam. The thesis is focused on biological (e.g. botanical,
ecological, nutritional) aspects of cultural adaptation of Vietnamese diaspora in the Czech
Republic, aiming to answer the questions such as: Do these immigrants continue to use herbal
medicine and traditional food plants from their homeland? If so, for which ailments do they
use these plants?
Téma 7: Vývoj markeru opakujících se sekvencí genomu méně pěstovaných rostlinných
druhů
Školitel: doc. Dr. Ing. Eloy Fernández C.
Školitel specialista: Ing. PaedDr. Jana Žiarovská, PhD. (Slovenská poľnohospodárska
univerzita v Nitre, FAPZ, Katedra genetiky a šľachtenia rastlín).
Potenciální zdroje financování: Projekt ITMS 26220120032 (ECOVA plus, Slovensko).
V dizertační práci bude řešen vývoj genomů méně známých druhů - jakon a milička habešská
- neexistujících markerů repetitivních retrotranspozonových sekvencí. Cílem řešení bude
vývoj IRAP (polymorfizmus zmnožených úseků mezi retrotranspozony) markerů
retrotranspozonu nacházejících se v genomu Smallanthus sonchifolius a Eragrostis teff spolu s
vytvořením IRAP markerovacího systému specifického pro tyto druhy. IRAP markery umožní
překonat nevýhody dnes už technologicky zastaralých postupů ako RAPD a ISSR, které mají
nízkou reprodukovatelnost, nízkou mírou polymorfizmu a slabou uplatnitelnost těchto metod
mezi laboratořemi. Metody založené na mapování repetitivních sekvencí v genomu umožňují
univerzální použití pro organizmy s minimem dostupných sekvencí, jako např. méně
pěstované a netradičné druhy. Vývoj LTR specifických IRAP markerů bude uskutečněn
následovně. Pomocí sady univerzálních primerů nasedající na konzervativní oblasti
retrotranspozonů, tzv. iPBS technikou bude sledován polymorfizmus amplifikovaných
fragmentů DNA. Pro další analýzy budou vybrány primery, které poskytnou v analyzovaném
souboru nejvyšší polymorfizmus. Fragmenty s nejvyšším poskytnutým polymorfizmem
budou sekvenovány a po softwerové analýze získaných sekvencí, jejich porovnání mezi
sebou, budou na základě získaných sekvencí navrženy specifické LTR IRAP primery tak, aby
ohraničovali LTR oblasti retrotranspozonů analyzovaných druhů.
Optimization and application of in vitro and in vivo biotechnological methods in selected
members of the genus Brassica (Optimalizace a aplikace vybraných in vitro a in vivo
biotechnologických postupů u vybraných zástupců rodu Brassica)
Téma 8: Optimization and application of in vitro and in vivo biotechnological methods in
selected members of the genus Brassica (Optimalizace a aplikace vybraných in vitro a in
vivo biotechnologických postupů u vybraných zástupců rodu Brassica)
Školitel: doc. Dr. Ing. Eloy Fernández C.
Školitel specialista: Ing. Miroslav Klíma, Ph.D. (VÚRV, v.v.i – Oddělení genetiky a
šlechtitelských metod). Výzkumný ústav rostlinné výroby, v.v.i.
Potenciální zdroje financování: NAZV QI111A075 (2011-2014) a MŠMT LH12158 (20122015) (zajistí VÚRV, v.v.i.)
The genus Brassica is very diverse and includes not only many of the economically important
field crops worldwide (B. napus, B. rapa, B. carinata and B. juncea), but also cruciferous
vegetables, mainly belonging to the B. oleracea species. Genotypes with desired traits, which
are difficult to produce by means of traditional methods, can be obtained and/or identified by
using advanced in vitro and in vivo techniques (embryo rescue, microspore and protoplast
culture, somatic hybridization, diplo- and polyploidization, flowcytometric and cytological
analyses). In addition, these methods can contribute to significant shortening of the breeding
process of above mentioned crops. The main aim of the Thesis will be to optimize and apply
some biotechnological methods in selected important members of the genus Brassica and the
subsequent regeneration of genotypes with the required parameters.
Téma 9: Indukovaná polyploidizace in vitro u vybraných léčivých a okrasných rostlin
(Induced polyploidization in vitro of selected medicinal and ornamental plants)
Školitel: doc. Dr. Ing. Eloy Fernández C.
Školitel specialista: Ing. Pavel Klouček, PhD., Ing. Aleš Holík, FAPPZ ČZU.
Mitotická polyploidizace in vitro je široce využívaná metoda, která umožňuje dosáhnout řady
šlechtitelských cílů (např. vyšší výnosy, změna chemického složení, vyrovnání úrovně ploidie
aj.). Cílem dizertační práce je získat rostliny různých čeledí (Asteraceae, Cupressaceae a
Ranunculaceae) s vyšším obsahem thymochinonů, které vykazují např. antimikrobiální a
protizánětlivou aktivitu nebo rostliny s potenciálem pro využití v zahradnictví. Indukovaná
polyploidizace bude provedena aplikací antimitotického jedu oryzalinu u nodálních (klíčících
rostlin) pěstovaných v in vitro podmínkách. Pro kontrolu polyploidů bude použita přímá
metoda – počítání chromozomů a nepřímá metoda – flow cytometrie (stanovování hustoty
DNA). Cestou mitotické polyploidizace in vitro vzniká nový šlechtitelský materiál.
Téma 10: In vitro množení okrasných rostlin a hodnocení genetické stability regenerantů
pomocí molekulárních markerů a průtokové cytometrie (u vybraného druhu čeledi
Orchidaceae)/ In vitro propagation of ornamental plants and assessment of genetic
stability of regenerants using molecular markers and flow cytometry (in selected species
of the family Orchidaceae)
Školitel: prof. Ing. Václav Kohout, DrSc.
Odborní konzultanti: Ing. Iva Viehmannová, Ph.D., Ing. Petra Hlásná Čepková, Ph.D.
Mikropropagace představuje efektivní způsob množení rostlin, který umožňuje v krátkém
čase získat velké množství jedinců požadovaného genotypu. Klonová uniformita a stabilita
genotypu je základní podmínkou pro úspěšnou mikropropagaci. Hlavním problémem této
techniky je však častý výskyt somaklonální variability. Cílem disertační práce je optimalizace
efektivního způsobu množení vybraného druhu okrasných rostlin a ověření genetické stability
u in vitro regenerantů pomocí molekulárních markerů a průtokové cytometrie. V případě
výskytu somaklonální variability budou geneticky odlišné rostliny převedeny do skleníku a
morfologicky popsány. Rostlinný materiál bude získán z výzkumných organizací a
botanických zahrad (Index seminum). Optimalizace in vitro množení bude probíhat na
kultivačních médiích s různými koncentracemi a kombinacemi rostlinných růstových
regulátorů. In vitro pokusy a stanovení ploidie na průtokovém cytometru budou probíhat
v Laboratoři rostlinných explantátů (FTZ). Genetická stabilita in vitro regeneranů bude
testována pomocí molekulárních markeru (ISSR, AFLP) v Laboratoři molekulární biologie
(FTZ).
In vitro clonal propagation techniques enable effective multiplication of plants and to obtain
large numbers of elite genotypes in a short time. True-to-type clonal fidelity is one of the most
important pre-requisites in the micropropagation of species. Nevertheless, a major problem
encountered with the in vitro culture is the presence of somaclonal variation. The objective of
this thesis is to optimise rapid in vitro propagation of the ornamental species and to verify
genetic stability of regenerants using molecular markers and flow cytometry. In case that
somaclonal variation during the process of multiplication occurs, these regenerants will be
transplanted to greenhouse and morphologically described. Plant material will be obtained
from research organisations and botanical gardens (via Index seminum). For effective
micropropagation, different culture conditions will be tested (culture media, plant growth
regulators, etc.) The in vitro experiments as well as flow cytemetric analysis will be carried
out in the Labroratory of plant tissue cultures of the CULS Prague (FTA). Genetic stability
will be tested using suitable fingerprinting techniques (ISSR, AFLP) in the Laborotory of
molecular biology (FTA).
Téma 11: In vitro množení okopanin a hodnocení genetické stability regenerantů pomocí
molekulárních markerů a průtokové cytometrie (u vybraného druhu)/ In vitro
propagation of tuber crops and assessment of genetic stability of regenerants using
molecular markers and flow cytometry (in selected species)
Školitel: prof. Ing. Václav Kohout, DrSc.
Odborní konzultanti: Ing. Iva Viehmannová, Ph.D., Ing. Petra Hlásná Čepková, Ph.D.
Mikropropagace představuje efektivní způsob množení rostlin, který umožňuje v krátkém
čase získat velké množství jedinců požadovaného genotypu. Klonová uniformita a stabilita
genotypu je základní podmínkou pro úspěšnou mikropropagaci. Hlavním problémem této
techniky je však častý výskyt somaklonální variability. Cílem disertační práce je optimalizace
efektivního způsobu množení vybraného druhu okopaniny a ověření genetické stability u in
vitro regenerantů pomocí molekulárních markerů a průtokové cytometrie. V případě výskytu
somaklonální variability budou geneticky odlišné rostliny převedeny do skleníku a
morfologicky popsány. Rostlinný materiál bude získán z výzkumných organizací a
botanických zahrad (Index seminum). Optimalizace in vitro množení bude probíhat na
kultivačních médiích s různými koncentracemi a kombinacemi rostlinných růstových
regulátorů. In vitro pokusy a stanovení ploidie na průtokovém cytometru budou probíhat v
Laboratoři rostlinných explantátů (FTZ). Genetická stabilita in vitro regeneranů bude
testována pomocí molekulárních markeru (ISSR, AFLP) v Laboratoři molekulární biologie
(FTZ).
In vitro clonal propagation techniques enable effective multiplication of plants and obtain
large numbers of elite genotypes in a short time. True-to-type clonal fidelity is one of the most
important pre-requisites in the micropropagation of species. Nevertheless, a major problem
encountered with the in vitro culture is the presence of somaclonal variation. The objective of
this thesis is to optimise rapid in vitro propagation of the selected species and to verify genetic
stability of regenerants using molecular markers and flow cytometry. In case that somaclonal
variation during the process of multiplication occurs, these regenerants will be transplanted to
greenhouse and morphologically described. Plant material will be obtained from research
organisations and botanical gardens (via Index seminum). For effective micropropagation,
different culture conditions will be tested (culture media, plant growth regulators, etc.) The in
vitro experiments as well as flow cytemetric analysis will be carried out in the Labroratory of
plant tissue cultures of the CULS Prague (FTA). Genetic stability will be tested using suitable
fingerprinting techniques (ISSR, AFLP) in the Laborotory of molecular biology (FTA).
Téma 12: Aplikace molekulárních marekrů u méně známých ovocných druhů čeledi
Solanaceae/ Application of molecular markers in less known fruit species of Solanaceae
family
Školitel: prof. Ing. Václav Kohout, DrSc.
Odborní konzultanti: Ing. Iva Viehmannová, Ph.D., Ing. Petra Hlásná Čepková, Ph.D.
Předmětem disertační práce bude studium genetické variability druhů rodu Solanum,
jmenovitě druhů pocházejících z Amazonské oblasti, které tvoří jedlé plody. Plody jsou
bohaté na železo, niacin, citronovou kyselinu a pektin, a jsou využívány k přímému konzumu
či jsou zpracovávány na džus, džem a využívají se rovněž v kosmetice. Sběry budou
provedeny ve spolupráci s Institutem pro výzkum v Peruánské Amazonii (Instituto de las
Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana - IIAP) u populací různých druhů rodu Solanum,
včetně planých druhů. Vzorky listů budou podrobeny genetické analýze v Laboratoři
molekulární biologie (FTZ). Součástí studie bude výběr vhodné metody fingerprintingu a její
optimalizace. Nepravidelné klíčení a rychlá ztráta klíčivosti semen omezuje pěstování těchto
druhů pouze na malých plochách. Z tohoto důvodu bude rovněž optimalizován postup in vitro
množení, což urychlí získávání sadbového materiálu. Genetická stabilita in vitro regenerantů
všech testovaných druhů bude zjišťována pomocí vhodných DNA markerů v Laboratoři
molekulární biologie (FTZ). Ze všech položek budou odebrány vzorky listů pro následné
analýzy úrovně ploidie. Stanovení bude uskutečněno průtokovou cytometrií v Laboratoři
rostlinných explantátů (FTZ).
The aim of the thesis will be the study of genetic variability of species beloning to genus
Solanum, namely the species originating in the Amazon area forming edible fruits. These
fruits are rich in iron, niacine, citric acid and pectine and they are used for direct consumption
or they are processed into juice, jam and sometimes in cosmetics. Collections will be carried
out in cooperation with Peruvian Amazon Research Institute (Instituto de las Investigaciones
de la Amazonía Peruana - IIAP). Samples from various populations, belonging to different
species of Solanum, including wild fruit species, will be collected. The leaf samples will be
subjected to a genetic analysis in Laboratory of molecular biology of Faculty of Tropical
AgriSciences (FTA). Compartmnent of study will be also the choosing of an appropriate
method of fingerprinting and its optimization. Irregular germination and rapid decrease of
germination capability limit the growing only on small scale plots. Due to this fact, in vitro
propapagation protocol will be also optimized in order to expedite gaining of planting
material. Genetic stability of all in vitro regenerants will be assessed with a help of
appropriate DNA markers in the Laboratory of molecular biology (FTA). The leaf samples
will be taken from all plants and use for detection of ploidy level. This estimation will be
carried out by flow cytometry in Laboratory of Plant Tissue Cultures (FTA).