Download blood / circulatory system

BLOOD / CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Functions:
Deliver O2 and nutrients to every
cell
Take away CO2 and waste
products from every cell
Fights Infection (immune system)
Regulate temperature ( by flowing more/less to different areas)
Co-ordinate other activities of body tissues
Clots and stops leakage
Keeps pH constant
PLASMA
Water
plasma proteins
Gases
Salts
Nutrients
Nitrogenous
wastes
Hormones,
vitamins
blood volume;
transportation
osmotic pressure; pH;
volume; clotting
for osmotic pressure
amino acids, lipids,
glucose
urea, uric acid
FORMED ELEMENTS
Red Blood Cells
carry O2 and CO2
White Blood Cells
immune system
Platelets
blood clotting
QuickTime™ and a
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QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
PATH OF BLOOD: Pulmonary & Systemic Circuits
ARTERIES: Have 3 basic layers:
endothelium, muscle, connective tissue
VEINS: also have three basic layers, but
overall are thinner-walled (less muscle, less
connective tissue)
can expand much more than arteries
contain valves
CAPILLARIES: Have walls that are very thin: only 1 cell thick
are the site of gas exchange between the cells and blood
Please answer these questions in short answers, if there is room. You may need to use a fresh sheet
from time to time in order to communicate clearly.
1.
What are “formed elements” in blood?
2.
3.
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12.
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17.
What are the smallest formed elements?
What are other terms for erythrocyte, thrombocyte and leukocyte?
Erythros is Greek for ___________ . Leukos is Greek for ___________ . Thrombo is Greek
for ____________ .
Which type of cell is the most popular in blood?
In the photomicrograph of blood shown
here, name the formed elements which
are seen..
Name 6 substances dissolved in blood
plasma.
Plasma is mostly _____________ .
What are the 2 basic roles of white blood
cells?
What is the role of hemoglobin?
List and describe the 7 functions of
blood.
If you had an infection, which would you
have more of: RBC’s, WBC’s or
platelets?
What is the function of plasma proteins?
What organ makes plasma proteins?
Tell which blood cell is associated with each of the following terms:
hemoglobin:
phagocytosis
has DNA
clots
makes antibodies
matures in Bone cells
matures in the Thymus
most numerous blood cell type
enucleate
18.
Which association is Incorrect:
a. white blood cells – infection fighting
b. red blood cells – blood clotting
c. plasma – water, nutrients, and wastes
d. red blood cells – hemoglobin
e. platelets – blood clotting
19.
A diagram if the circulatory system is shown here. Label these parts:
right and left atria
right and left ventricles
pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
right lung
left lung
aorta
inferior vena cava
superior vena cava
21.
Describe the three basic types of blood vessels in the cardiovascular system.
22.
Small arteries and small veins have special names. They are… ?
23.
What controls the diameter of arteries?
24.
What is the relationship between blood pressure and artery diameter?
25.
Compare the diameter of a capillary with that of a red blood cell. How do they compare?
What does this tell you about how close red blood cells get to the walls of the capillaries?
26.
What is a capillary “bed” ?
27.
How are veins structurally different from arteries?
28.
How much of our blood volume is contained within veins at any one time?
29.
What is the difference between the systemic circuit and the pulmonary circuit?
30.
Do all arteries carry oxygenated blood? Explain.
31.
Do all veins carry de-oxygenated blood? Explain.
32.
In the table below, name the artery and vein associated with the structures in the first column.
Artery
Vein
Arm
Head
to heart / from heart
Kidney
small intestines
thigh
liver
Lower leg
33.
The heart needs it’s own blood supply, not just blood running through it. What is the general
term for blood vessels supplying the heart?
34.
Use the diagram shown below to answer these questions regarding blood flow:
35.
Compare blood pressure in arteries vs. veins. Why is blood pressure so much higher in
arteries?
36
What happens to the velocity of blood flow as it enters capillaries, then exits into veins?
37.
Explain the change in velocity of blood flow in the question above.
38.
If capillaries are so small in diameter, how can they present the most cross-sectional area?
39.
Explain systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
40.
Emily and Jessica sing a duet at DWP’s newest Musical Theatre production “Beauty & The
Beast”. Before the show, they measure their blood pressure. Emily is 135 over 90. Jessica is
110 over 70. Are their blood pressures high, low or normal?
41.
Use the diagram below to answer this question: If blood in veins has very little pressure, how
does it make its way back to the heart?
42.
Let’s say we are in Bio 12 one day, looking at a pig digestive system. Marla, who easily
squeamish, faints at the sight of the intestine. Should we sit her up right away, or let her lie
there, in the grass ? Explain.
43.
What are varicose veins? What contributes to their presence?
44.
Cardiovascular consists of two words: cardio and vascular. What does each of these terms
mean?
45.
Label the following arteries or veins on this diagram.
aorta
left subclavian vein
carotid arteries
superior vena cava
hepatic portal vein
femoral vein
aortic arch
right subclavian artery
jugular veins
hepatic artery
mesenteric artery
left subclavian artery
right subclavian vein
inferior vena cava
hepatic vein
femoral artery