Download DNA Lesson

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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
de ox y rib o nu cleic acid
Student note: www.howjsay.com
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Why is it critical to understand DNA?
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Why is it critical to understand DNA?
• The Association of Telomere Length With Family Violence and
Disruption
• WHAT’S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Poor health in children
is associated with exposure to family violence and disruption.
Telomere length has been hypothesized to be a lasting
biological indicator of exposure to early adversity and
potentially predictive of negative health outcomes throughout
the life course.
• WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Telomere length reflects exposure
to family violence and disruption and may be an early indicator
of the biological impact of early adversity. Children exposed to
interpersonal violence and family disruptions had significantly
shorter telomeres.
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Why is it critical to understand DNA?
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Why is it critical to understand DNA?
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Credible Sources
National Human Genome Research Institute
National Institute of Health
National Library of Medicine
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Learning Intentions
Students will be able to closely examine graphics
to determine information about DNA.
Students will be able to answer each of these
questions.
What is DNA?
How is DNA structured?
Where is DNA found?
What are chromosomes?
What are genes?
How does DNA work?
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What is DNA?
Biological instructions
- that make each species unique
Biological instructions used in
- development
- functioning
- reproduction of living organisms
Analogy – Like a blue print.
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How is DNA structured?
• The information in DNA is stored as a
CODE made up of four chemical bases.
- adenine (A)
- guanine (G)
- cytosine (C)
- thymine (T)
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How is DNA structured?
(slide 10 & 11)
• DNA bases pair up with each other
•A with T
•C with G
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How is DNA structured?
• DNA bases pair up
with each other
•A with T
•C with G
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How is DNA structured? (slides 12 & 13)
• Each base is also
attached to a sugar
molecule and a
phosphate molecule.
• Together a base, sugar
and phosphate are
called a nucleotide.
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How is DNA structured?
• Each base is also
attached to a sugar
molecule and a
phosphate molecule.
• Together a base, sugar
and phosphate are
called a nucleotide.
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How is DNA structured?
• Nucleotides are
arranged in two long
strands that form a
spiral called a double
helix.
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How is DNA structured? (slides 15 & 16)
• The structure of the
double helix is
somewhat like a
ladder- with base pairs
forming the ladder’s
rungs and the sugar
and phosphate
molecules forming the
vertical side pieces of
the ladder.
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How is DNA structured?
• The structure of the
double helix is
somewhat like a
ladder- with base
pairs forming the
ladder’s rungs and
the sugar and
phosphate
molecules forming
the vertical side
pieces of the ladder.
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How is DNA structured?
• The structure of the
double helix is
somewhat like a
ladder- with base
pairs forming the
ladder’s rungs and
the sugar and
phosphate
molecules forming
the vertical side
pieces of the ladder.
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How is DNA structured?
The order or sequence of these bases determines
the information available for building and
maintaining an organism.
Analogy – The sequence of letters determines the
message.
Read...
Dear....
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Where is DNA found?
- Most DNA is located in
the cell nucleus
where it is called
nuclear DNA.
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What are chromosomes? (slides 19 and 20)
Because the cell is very
small, and because
organisms have many
DNA molecules per cell,
each DNA molecule
must be tightly
packaged. This
packaged form of the
DNA is called a
chromosome.
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What are chromosomes?
In the nucleus of each
cell, the DNA molecule
is packaged into threadlike structures called
chromosomes.
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What are genes? (slide 21 and 22)
• Genes
• A gene is a short
section of DNA. Each
gene codes for a
specific protein by
specifying the order in
which amino acids
must be joined
together.
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What are genes?
A gene is the basic
physical and functional
unit of heredity. Genes,
which are made up of
DNA, act as instructions
to make molecules called
proteins.
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How does DNA work?
DNA contains instructions needed for
an organism to
develop
survive
reproduce
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How does DNA work?
To carry out these
functions DNA
sequences must be
converted into
messages that can be
used to produce
proteins, which are
complex, molecules that
do most of the work in
our bodies.
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Learning Intentions
Students will be able to closely examine graphics
to determine information about DNA.
Students will be able to answer each of these
questions.
What is DNA?
How is DNA structured?
Where is DNA found?
What are chromosomes?
What are genes?
How does DNA work?