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Name: __________________________________ Block:__________ Date:_____________________________ CHOIR 9 -12 - VOCABULARY In the space provided define each choral term. We will be reviewing these terms in class. Some of these terms are best described in words and the use of symbols. It is expected that all of these terms are memorized and understood for the vocabulary test in the following weeks and for rehearsal. TERM DEFINITION Pitch The location of a note in related to its highness or lowness. Range Notes which a person can sing comfortable Resonance The quality in a sound, being deep, full, and reverberating. Soprano Highest female voice. Alto Someone whose range is between a soprano and tenor. Usually referred to as the lowest female voice Tenor Typically the highest male voice Baritone A baritone refers to the male singer whose range falls somewhere between that of a bass and that of a tenor. Bass Lowers male voice. Usually provides rhythm. Treble Clef Alto and Soprano parts are written in the treble clef Bass Clef Tenor, bass and baritone parts are written in bass clef Mouth/lips/teeth/tongue Parts of the face which articulate words while singing or speaking A Cappella Without accompaniment (no piano, other musical instruments) Downbeat The first beat of a measure Measure Segment in a line of music that indicates a given number of beats, each of which are assigned a particular note value. Diaphragm Muscle below your lunch, which allows you to inhale and exhale. English Vowels A, E, I, O, U Italian Vowels E, A, I, O, U - pronunciation is soft and open. Consonants All letters in the alphabet that are not vowels. E.g. T, K, S, R, L, M etc. Diphthongs Two or more vowel sounds blended together Diction Correct and clear pronunciation of consonants Falsetto Also referred to as the male head voice. High pitched with a lighter tone e.g. Justin Timberlake, Adam Dynamics Relative loudness or softness. Volume control. Crescendo Gradually becoming loader Decrescendo Gradually becoming softer Melody Usually the dominant line of music in a song. Sometimes forms a pattern Harmony Simultaneous sounding of two or more tones usually supports the melody. Improvise Creating a melody or harmony on the spot with little to no preparation. Embellishment Musical improve of a melodic line. Usually done by a soloist or small group. Pop music use this frequently. Tempo The speed or pulse of a song Time signature Indicates the number of beats in a measure and each beat’s value. Chord Two or more pitches sung together Chromatic scale Singing every single note with both sharps or flats up and down a scale. (Moving in half steps up or down) Octave C–D–E–F–G–A–B–C Every 8th note of the scale is the same sound but higher or lower pitch. Breath mark Indicates to the singer when it is appropriate to breath No breathing (n.b) (n.b) Indicates that there should not be breathing within that particular phrase. Fermata Symbol that indicates to hold the note until directors cue. Slur Singing a series of pitches without separating the notes. Larynx The “voice box” and is primarily involved in voice/sound production. Tone/timbre The relative brightness or darkness of a sound. Slide Singing up and down the scale while slurring each note together. Mostly used in warm-ups Coloratura This is an operatic term that means elaborate ornamentation of a vocal melody. (Refer to embellishment) DYNAMICS Very soft Very loud -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ppp pp p mp mf f ff fff ppp – pianoisisimo (extremely soft/quiet) pp – pianissimo (very soft) p – piano (soft) mp- mezzo piano (medium soft) mf – mezzo forte (medium loud) f – forte (loud) ff – fortissimo (very loud) fff – fortisisimo (extremely loud) LEARNING SOLFEGE – SIGHT SINGING Solfege is a method of assigning a syllable to every pitch / degree of a scale. Instead of singing the actual names of the notes in the scale (eg. c d e f g a b) we use the syllables instead Do - Re - Mi – Fa - Sol - La –Ti Major C scale Moveable DO System 'Movable Do system' means that the root of any given scale becomes 'Do' o For Example, in C major the note c is Do, in F major f is Do, etc. The advantage of applying movable Do is that we learn musical relationships independent of the key we are in. o For example, Do - Mi will always be a major third, Do - Sol always a perfect fifth. SCALES W = whole step: all whole steps have a half set between them that are not sung or played. H = half step: all half steps are right next to each other and do not have a tone between them. Major scales – W/W/W/H/W/W/W/H Minor scales – W/H/W/W/W/H/W/W