Download Study Guide Matter: Building Blocks of the Universe

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Study Guide
Matter: Building Blocks of the Universe
Test consists of Multiple Choice, filling in charts with missing data and short answer.
You should be prepared to answer questions on these topics.
* Know the key people in the history of the atom and their contribution to
our understanding of the atom. These should be in your lab book
conclusion for shoe box atoms.
* Know the atomic particles: electron, neutron, and proton.
where are they in the atom?
What is their charge?
What is their mass?
How are electrons arranged in the electron cloud?
* Know the four forces in the atom: strong, electromagnetic, weak, & gravity
What are each of the forces responsible for?
* Know that Mendeleev used patterns when arranging his periodic table:
chemical and physical properties
increasing atomic mass
* Know that metals are:
malleable
luster- shine
ductile
tend to lose electrons
found on the left side of table
* Know that nonmetals are:
on the right side of the table
tend to gain electrons
have between 5 6 7 8 valence electrons
brittle
little to no luster
* Know that alkali
very active
1 valence
* Know that transition metals
can conduct heat and electricity
may be brightly colored
Matter: Building Blocks of the Universe
Chapter 4 & 5 Study Guide
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* Know that Noble Gases
have full outside energy levels
do not react with other elements
* Know that Halogens
have 7 valence electrons
are active nonmetals
usually combined w/ other elements
* Know that there is a difference between fission and fusion:
fusion- put atoms together with enormous amounts of energy released
fission- splitting atoms- energy released- not as much as fusion- may
occur in a chain reaction (bomb) or controlled (energy plants)
Be able to:
Do a simple half life problem:
If 100g of a radioactive sample with a half life of 20 years now has only 25 g
left, what is the age of the sample?
Look at a graph of a radioactive decay series and be able to determine if the sample
went through alpha decay or beta decay. Read the axis to determine mass and atomic
number.
Look at a periodic table and be able to tell which elements are or have:
largest
metals
nonmetals
metalloid
a certain number of valence electrons.
Fill in missing information in a chart about various elements:
number of protons, electrons, neutrons
number of electrons in each energy level
Matter: Building Blocks of the Universe
Chapter 4 & 5 Study Guide