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Transcript
IB Biology Application and Examples of Natural Selection Name ______________________________ Period _____ Date ___________________ 1. Explain the following quote, "'evolution is the fundamental problem of biology while observation and experiment are the fundamental tools of science'" (p.8). In other words, why has evolution been so problematic to scientists (2 points). 2. Read the two paragraphs that begin on the bottom of page 9 with "To study the evolution of lifeā¦" What makes the Galapagos Islands such an ideal place to study evolution by natural selection? Describe at least three (3 points). 3. Despite the over exaggeration of the impact of the Galapagos finches on Darwin's own understanding of natural selection, why are finches such a great example of this process (2 points)? 4. a. define "selective episode" (1 point): b. describe a significant selective episode that dramatically changed the populations of ground finches on Daphne Major (2 points): c. Was this episode an example of stabilizing, directional, or disruptive selection? Explain (2 points). d. Sketch 2 adaptive landscapes to show how the fitness of finches with different beak sizes changed during this episode (4points). 5. a. Give Haldane's definition of a darwin (1 point): b. if a species experiences a 2 % change in some character over 100 years, calculate the rate of change in darwins (1 point). c. When Haldane examined the fossil record, he concluded that the typical rate of evolution is one Darwin, but during a single selective episode on Daphne Major, the finch population evolved at a rate of 25,000 darwins. Explain this discrepancy (2 points). Hint- think about the volcano analogy on p.111 6. Choose one of the following terms, and explain it using a concrete example from the book: frequency-dependent selection; age-dependent selection; or sexual selection (2 points). 7. What new discovery regarding hybrids is discovered in chapter 8? Give one hypothesis to explain this fitness change (2 points).