Download File - The McKelley Team

Energy Study Guide Vocabulary-­‐ 1. Energy-­‐ is the ability to do work. Anything that is moving has energy. 2. Kinetic Energy-­‐ energy of motion. Ex. A ball rolling 3. Potential Energy-­‐ stored energy. Ex. A ball a rest before kicked. 4. Mechanical Energy-­‐ is the energy of motion. It exists as both kinetic and potential energy in a system. 5. Solar Energy-­‐ Energy from the sun. 6. Heat Energy or thermal energy-­‐ the energy of moving particles in a substance. Thermal energy flows from hotter objects to cooler ones. 7. Conduction-­‐ where the heat energy travels between objects that are in contact. Ex-­‐ touching-­‐ the burner transfers hear to the pot. 8. Convection-­‐ where fluids such as air or water are heated, expand, and rise, displacing and mixing with cooler portions. Ex-­‐ air or water flow/movement-­‐ convection oven spreads warm air throughout the oven while a cake is baking. It spreads the air evenly. 9. Radiation-­‐ where heat energy is traveling by invisible waves in all directions from the source. Ex-­‐ Sun bathing or using a microwave. 10. Friction-­‐ when one object rubs against another. Friction produces heat. 11. Conductor-­‐ a material that allows heat or electricity to move through it easily. Ex-­‐ a wire metals are good conductors. 12. Insulator-­‐ a material that does not allow heat or electricity to move through it. Ex-­‐ rubber is a good insulator. A kitchen mitt keeps you from getting burned by the hot pan or baking sheet. 13. Sound-­‐ a form of energy produced by vibrating objects. 14. Vibration-­‐ back and forth motion. 15. Electrical Energy-­‐ the movement of very small particles in matter. 16. Electric Circuit-­‐ A complete pathway of conductors that electrons flow through. 17. Electric Current-­‐ A constant flow of electrons through a conductor. 18. Electromagnetism-­‐ Creating a magnetic field using electric wire. You can turn on and off an electromagnet. Ex-­‐ telephones have electromagnets, electric motors, generators, televisions, and doorbells. 19. Light Energy-­‐ Only form of energy that can be seen. It travels in waves through certain types of matter such as air, glass, water, and even through space. 20. Light Rays-­‐ the straight lines light travel through. 21. Reflection-­‐ the bouncing back of light rays from a surface. 22. Transparent Medium-­‐ allows light to pass through it easily. Ex-­‐ anything clear-­‐ window 23. Translucent Medium-­‐ materials scatter the light as it passes through so that objects viewed cannot be seen clearly. Ex-­‐ wax paper and foggy glass. 24. Opaque Medium-­‐ materials don’t allow any light to pass through. Ex-­‐ a desk and a shoe, etc….. 25. Refraction-­‐ The bending of light rays as they move from one material into another material. Ex-­‐ A straw in a glass, eye glasses, camera, telescope, etc….. 26. Light Spectrum-­‐ The light you see is called the light spectrum. 27. Lens-­‐ A curved piece of clear glass or plastic that bends light. Ex-­‐ our eye or eye glasses 28. Inverted-­‐ upside down-­‐ the image on our retina in our eye is inverted and our brain turns the image right side up. 29. Convex-­‐ A lens that is thicker in the middle than at the edges refracts light rays toward one another. 30. Concave-­‐ A lens that is thicker at the edges than in the middle refracts light rays away from one another. 31. Magnify-­‐ something that makes images much bigger than they really are. Important Facts: •
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Sound travels through solids, liquids, and gases at different speeds. The more particles available to transfer the sound wave, the faster the sound moves. This means that travels faster through solids than it does liquids, and travels faster through liquids than it does through air. Sound = vibrations The sun is the source of all of this energy. Different forms of energy: Solar, Chemical, Heat or Thermal, Light, Sound, and Electrical. Lightning is electrical energy. A battery changes chemical energy into electrical energy. Light Spectrum-­‐ ROY G BIV-­‐ Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, and Violet Different types of Radiation Conduction-­‐ touching Different types of Convection Heat and Electrical Insulators Heat and Electrical Conductors All Metals are good conductors Wires have both conductors and insulators Sound Energy Open Circuit-­‐ Energy does not pass through and it will not work properly. Closed Circuit-­‐ All connections are made properly and energy will pass through. Different Types of Electro Magnets Reflection Refraction-­‐ Convex and Concave Lens Transparent Objects-­‐ Translucent Objects-­‐ Opaque Objects-­‐