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Categories of Human Functioning MARION TECHNICAL COLLEGE NURSING EDUCATION DEPARTMENT CATEGORIES OF HUMAN FUNCTIONING To be used with Nursing Process (assessment care plan). The examples of Assessment Areas and Situations given are not meant to be all inclusive. PROTECTIVE FUNCTION The client’s capacity or ability to maintain defenses and prevent physical and chemical trauma, injury, infection, and threats to health status. A. Assessment Areas B. Skin and mucous membranes Immunity Reflexes Safety Environment Hygiene Self-care abilities Vital signs Asepsis Possible Situations Preoperative care Post op care/complications Decubitus Communicable disease/infection Physical trauma/abuse Poisoning Skin disorders Safety hazards SENSORY-PERCEPTUAL FUNCTION The client’s capacity and ability to perceive, interpret, and respond to sensory and cognitive stimuli. A. Assessment Areas B. Body image Orientation Level of consciousness Hearing, sight, speech Touch, smell, taste Kinesthetic sense Thought processes Perception of the situation Possible Situations Auditory, visual, verbal impairments Sensory deprivation Sensory overload Aphasia Brain tumors Laryngectomy Organic brain syndrome Learning disabilities Seizure disorders COMFORT AND REST The client’s capacity or ability to maintain adequate sleep, rest, and comfort. A. Assessment Areas Sleep Comfort B. Possible Situations Sleep disturbances Pain/discomfort -2ACTIVITY AND MOBILITY FUNCTION The client’s capacity and ability to maintain mobility and desirable level of activity. A. Assessment Areas B. Body alignment Range of motion Reflexes Muscle tone/strength Exercise tolerance Activities of daily living Mobility Possible Situations Joint impairment Neuromuscular impairment Musculoskeletal impairment Endocrine disorders that affect activity NUTRITION FUNCTION The client’s capacity or ability to maintain the intake and processing of essential nutrients. A. Assessment Areas B. Height/weight Skin/mucous membranes/muscle mass Caloric intake Diet history Eating habits Possible Situations Diet in pregnancy and lactation Obesity Gastric disorders Malnutrition Weight deficit Dysphagia Food allergies Diabetes Malabsorption Metabolic disorders Nausea Vomiting FLUID-GAS TRANSPORT FUNCTION The client’s capacity or ability to maintain fluid-gas transport function. A. Assessment Areas Acid-base balance Fluid balance/intake and output Respiration Cardiac rate/quality Edema Tissue perfusion Color Lung sounds Heart sounds Electrolyte balance B. Possible Situations Fluid volume deficit or overload Cardiac disorders Pulmonary disorders Acid-base imbalance Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation Anemias Hemorrhagic disorders Leukemias Impaired respiratory function Impaired cardiac function -3PSYCHO-SOCIAL-CULTURAL-SPIRITUAL FUNCTION The client’s capacity or ability to function in intrapersonal, interpersonal, intergroup and socio-cultural relationships. A. Assessment Areas B. Self concept Spiritual needs Religion Emotional needs Substance use Behavior Patterns of interaction Family/group dynamics Culture integration Aesthetic needs Possible Situations Grieving Death and dying Psychotic and neurotic behaviors Religious beliefs that would affect the treatment offered Therapeutic communication Ethical-legal aspects Community resources Substance abuse Situational crises Organic mental disorders Cultural barriers Language barriers GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT The client’s capacity or ability to maintain maturational processes throughout the life span. A. Assessment Areas B. Psychological development Cognitive development Physical development Social development Developmental stage (Erikson) Possible Situations Childbearing and rearing Conditions that interfere with the maturational process Maturational crisis Changes in aging Conditions of the reproductive system/sterility ELIMINATION FUNCTION The client’s capacity or ability to maintain functions related to relieving the body of waste products. A. Assessment Areas Patterns of elimination Character/frequency of feces Character/frequency of urine Intake and output Kidney function Bowel function Bladder function Perspiration NUR 1021 Cat of Human Funct Clin Sect/ B. Possible Situations Vomiting Diarrhea Constipation Ulcers Neoplasms Colostomy Hernia Kidney stones Transplants Renal failure Prostatic hypertrophy Excess diaphoresis
