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TTS IGCSE Chemistry
Structure and Bonding (SB)
Vocabulary Sheet
Atomic Number (Proton number)
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom or ion.
Covalent bond
Sharing of a pair of electrons between non-metals
Electron
A negatively charged particle found in the shells of an atom. Its mass is approximately
1/2000 that of a proton or neutron.
Group
A vertical column in the Periodic Table. Elements in the same group have similar
chemical properties since they all have the same number of electrons in their outer (or
valence) shells.
Intermolecular forces
The attractive forces between the molecules in a molecular covalent substance. These
are much weaker than covalent bonds.
Intramolecular bonds
The forces within the molecules of a molecular covalent substance – i.e. the covalent
bonds. These are not broken during the change of state.
Neutron
A neutral sub-atomic particle found in the nucleus. Its mass is 1 atomic mass unit.
Nucleon number
The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
Proton
A positively charged sub-atomic particle located in the nucleus of an atom. Its mass is 1
atomic mass unit.
Shell (Energy Level)
A region surrounding the nucleus of an atom in which electrons are likely to be found.
Valency
Number of bonds an element will make – sometimes referred to as ‘combining power’