Download GOLGI APPARATUS

GOLGI APPARATUS
- TRANSPORT VESICLES LEAVE ER FOR GOLGI
- CENTER OF MANUFACTURING,
WAREHOUSING,
SORTING, & SHIPPING.
- PRODUCTS RECEIVED FROM ER ARE
MODIFIED & SENT TO OTHER DESTINATIONS
**STRUCTURE**
- CISTERNAE- FLATTENED MEMBRANOUS
SACS (ALMOST LIKE A STACK OF
PANCAKES
- 2 SIDES
- CIS FACE- RECEIVING SIDE, USUALLY
CLOSER TO THE ER
- TRANS FACE- SHIPS VESICLES THAT
BUD HERE TO OTHER PLACES
- BETWEEN CIS & TRANS ENDS, DIFFERENT
CISTERNAE DO DIFFERENT MODS. W/
DIFFERENT ENZYMES
- JUST BEFORE THE PRODUCTS LEAVE,
THEY ARE GIVEN “ID”, CERTAIN GROUPS
ON MEMBRANES
LYSOSOMES
- MEMBRANE-BOUND SAC OF ENZYMES
- CELL USES LYS. TO DIGEST
MACROMOLECULES
- pH OF THE INSIDE IS USUALLY AROUND 5
- LYS. PUMPS H+ IONS FROM THE CYTOSOL
INTO THE INSIDE
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- MANY LYS. BUD FROM GOLGI, INITIALLY
FROM
ENZYMES PRODUCED ON ROUGH ER
- HELPS W/ PHAGOCYTOSIS- CELL INGESTS A
FOOD PARTICLE. THIS NEW FOOD VESICLE
FUSES W/ LYS. & GETS DIGESTED.
- EXAMPLE- TADPOLE TO FROG. TAIL GETS
DIGESTED BY LYSOSOMES
- TAY-SACHS DISEASE- LIPID-DIGESTING
ENZYME IS MISSING OR INACTIVE, BRAIN
BECOMES IMPAIRED BY TOO MANY LIPIDS
VACUOLES
- FRESHWATER PROTISTS HAVE CONTRACTILE
VACUOLES- PUMP EXCESS WATER OUT.
- PLANT CELLS- CENTRAL VACUOLEa) STORES PROTEINS
b) METABOLIC BY-PRODUCTS
c) PIGMENTS THAT COLOR FLOWER PETALS
d) ALSO IMPORTANT IN GROWTH OF PLANT
B/C ITS ABLE TO ACCUMULATE WATER
MITOCHONDRIA
- SITE OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION (NRG
PRODUCTION OF CELLS)
- 2 MEMBRANES
a) OUTER MEMBRANE, SMOOTH
b) INNER MEMBRANE- MANY INFOLDINGS,
CALLED CRISTAE- THIS INCREASES
SURFACE AREA, ALLOWS FOR MORE NRG
PROD.
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- THIS DIVIDES INSIDE OF MITO. INTO
2 INTERNAL COMPARTMENTS
- NARROW REGION BETWEEN
MEMBRANES
- MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX- SITE OF
MOST OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
- ALSO CONTAIN DNA THAT CODES FOR
SPECIFIC PROTEINS, & RIBOSOMES TO
MAKE
THEM.
CHLOROPLASTS
- SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN PLANTS
- LENS-SHAPED- 2 MEMBRANES VERY CLOSE
TOGETHER
- INSIDE CHLOROPLAST ARE MANY FLATTENED
SACS, STACKED, CALLED THYLAKOIDS
- A STACK IS CALLED A GRANUM (PL. GRANA)
- FLUID OUTSIDE THYLAKOIDS IS CALLED
STROMA
PEROXISOMES
- SOME USE OXYGEN TO BREAK FATTY ACIDS
INTO SMALLER MOLECULES FOR USE IN
RESPIRATION
- HELP TO DETOXIFY ALCOHOL
- HYDROGEN IS A BY-PRODUCT OF THESE
RXNS.
- WHEN ITS LEVELS GET TOO HIGH, CATALASE
IN THE PEROXISOME BREAK IT INTO WATER
& OXYGEN
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CYTOSKELETON
- MICROTUBULES, MICROFILAMENTS, &
INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS
- ALL HELP TO MAINTAIN SHAPE OF CELL
- ALSO HELP IN:
1) CELL MOTILITY (CILIA & FLAGELLA)
2) CHROMOSOME MOVEMENT
3) ORGANELLE MOVEMENT
4) CHANGES IN CELL SHAPE
5) MUSCLE CONTRACTION
6) ANCHORAGE OF NUCLEUS & SOME
ORGANELLES
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