Download United States Civil War 1787 Northwest Ordinance bans slavery in

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United States Civil War
1787 Northwest Ordinance bans slavery in Northwest Territory; makes Ohio River the boundary between free and slave territory
between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River. Mason and Dixon line remains the dividing line in east.
1790 Slave population in Federal Census: 698,000
1801 Gabriel Plot frightens whites in Virginia who believe there was a plot for a slave uprising
1804 New Jersey enacts gradual abolition of slavery, the final northern state to do so
1808 Congress outlaws the international slave trade. U.S. and Royal Navy enforce prohibition.
 Some 250,000 slaves were smuggled in anyway before 1860.
1816 American Colonization Society formed to send freed slaves to Liberia. About 12,000 are sent.
1820 Slave population in Census: 1,538,000
1820 Missouri Compromise admits Maine as a free state, and Missouri as slave state, but restricts anymore slavery north of 36° 30' line.
Abrogated by Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854.
1822 Vesey Plot frightens whites in South Carolina, who believe there was a plot for a slave uprising
1829 David Walker publishes Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World calling on slaves to revolt.
1830 Daniel Webster delivers a memorable Reply to Hayne on Jan 27, denouncing the notion that Americans must choose between
liberty and union. "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!" he cries.
1831
 Jan 1 William Lloyd Garrison begins publishing The Liberator, an antislavery newspaper, in Boston, Massachusetts.
 Aug 21 Outbreak of Nat Turner's slave rebellion in Southampton County, Va. 55 whites killed.
 Oct 30 Nat Turner is captured and arrested for leading the bloodiest slave revolt in United States history.
 Nov 11 In Jerusalem, Virginia, Nat Turner is hanged after inciting a violent slave uprising.
1833 The abolitionist American Anti-Slavery Society is founded.
1834 Anti-Slavery "debates" are held at Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati, Ohio.
1836 House of Representatives adopts a gag rule for all antislavery petitions presented to the House
1837 Mob kills abolitionist and anti-Catholic editor Elijah P. Lovejoy in Alton, Illinois;
1839 Slaves revolt on the Amistad.
1840 Slave population in Census: 2,487,000
1841 March 9 Amistad: Supreme Court rules that the Africans who seized control of the ship had been taken into slavery illegally.
1844 Methodist Episcopal Church, South breaks away on issue of slavery.
1845 Southern Baptist Convention breaks off; does not formally endorse slavery.
1845 Frederick Douglass publishes his autobiography.
1850 Jan 29 Henry Clay introduces the Compromise of 1850 to the U.S. Congress.
 Sep 18 Fugitive Slave Law is passed by the U.S. Congress.
1851 Southern Unionists in several states defeat secession measures; Mississippi's convention denies right to secession.
1852 March 20 Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe is published.
 July 4 Frederick Douglas delivers his famous speech "The Meaning of July Fourth for the Negro".
 The Pro-Slavery Argument is published.
1854 March 20 New Republican party is formed
 May 30 Kansas-Nebraska Act becomes law, rescinding the Missouri Compromise of 1820.
1855-1856 Violence breaks out in "Bleeding Kansas"
1855 March 30 Elections are held for first Kansas Territory legislature. Missourians cross border to elect a pro-slavery body.
 July 2 Kansas territorial legislature convenes in Pawnee and begins passing proslavery laws.
 Nov 21 Large-scale Bleeding Kansas violence begins.
1856 May 21 Lawrence, Kansas is captured and burned by pro-slavery forces (the "Sacking of Lawrence").
 May 22 Congressman Preston Brooks of SC beats Senator Charles Sumner with a cane in the Senate, for a speech Sumner had made
attacking Southerners who sympathized with the pro-slavery violence in Kansas ("Bleeding Kansas").
 Sumner is unable to return to duty for 3 years while he recovered; Brooks becomes a hero across the South.
 May 24 Pottawatomie Massacre: followers of radical abolitionist John Brown kill 5 homesteaders in Franklin County, Kansas.
 June 2 Battle of Black Jack: Antislavery forces, led by John Brown, defeat proslavery forces in Bleeding Kansas.
 Aug 30 Battle of Osawatomie: Proslavery forces defeat antislavery forces in Bleeding Kansas.
1857 March 6 Dred Scott v. Sanford: The Supreme Court rules that Blacks are not citizens and slaves can not sue for freedom,
 Nov 7 The pro-slavery Lecompton Constitution is signed in Kansas.
 George Fitzhugh publishes “Cannibals All” defending slavery.
 Hinton Rowan Helper publishes “The Impending Crisis of the South” angering the South.
1858 Proslavery Lecompton constitution defeated by popular referendum in Kansas in Aug.
 Aug 21 The first of the Lincoln-Douglas debates of 1858 is held.
 William Yancey advocates a Southern confederacy.
1859 Oct 16 John Brown raids the Harpers Ferry Armory, Virginia, in an unsuccessful bid to spark a general slave rebellion.
 Oct 18 Troops under Colonel Robert E. Lee overpower Brown at the Federal arsenal.
 Dec 2 Militant abolitionist leader John Brown is hanged for his Oct 16 raid on Harpers Ferry.
 James Hammond exclaims, "Cotton is King!", meaning Europe will intervene to protect source of vital raw material
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1860 May 9 Constitutional Union Party holds its convention and nominates John Bell for President of the United States.
 May 18 Lincoln is selected as the U.S. presidential candidate for the Republican Party.
 Nov 6 Lincoln elected as the 16th President.
 Dec 20 South Carolina first state to secede from the Union.
 Slave population in Census: 3,954,000
1861
 Jan 3 Delaware votes not to secede from the Union.
 Jan 9 Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union, preceding the American Civil War.
 Jan 10 Florida secedes from the Union.
 Jan 11 Alabama secedes from the Union.
 Jan 12 Major Robert Anderson sends dispatches to Washington.
 Jan 18 Georgia secedes from the Union.
 Jan 21 Jefferson Davis resigns from the United States Senate.
 Jan 26 Louisiana secedes from the Union.
 Jan 29 Kansas is admitted as the 34th U.S. state.
 Feb 1 Texas secedes from the Union.
 Feb 4 Delegates from six seceded states meet at the Montgomery Convention in Montgomery, Alabama.
 Feb 8 Confederate States of America adopts the Provisional Confederate States Constitution.
 Feb 9 Jefferson Davis is elected the Provisional President by the Weed Convention at Montgomery, Alabama.
 Feb 11 U.S. House unanimously passes a resolution guaranteeing non-interference with slavery in any state.
 Feb 18 In Montgomery, Alabama, Jefferson Davis is inaugurated as the provisional president.
 Feb 23 President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrives secretly in D.C. after an assassination attempt in Baltimore, Maryland.
 Feb 28 Colorado is organized as a United States territory.
 March 2 Nevada is organized as a United States territory.
 March 4 Lincoln takes office, succeeding James Buchanan.
 March 4 Stars and Bars is adopted as the flag of the Confederate States of America.
 March 11 Confederate States Constitution is adopted.
 (East) April 12 Battle of Fort Sumter: The American Civil War begins at Fort Sumter, South Carolina.
 (East) April 13 Fort Sumter surrenders to Southern forces.
 April 17 Virginia secedes from the Union.
 April 20 Robert E. Lee resigns his commission in the US Army in order to command the forces of the state of Virginia.
 April 25 Union Army arrives in Washington, D.C.
 April 27 Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus in the US. West Virginia secedes from Virginia.
 May 6 Arkansas secedes from the Union.
 May 7 Tennessee secedes from the Union.
 May 8 Richmond, Virginia is named the capital of the Confederate States of America.
 May 13 Victoria of UK issues a "proclamation of neutrality" which recognizes the breakaway states as having belligerent rights.
 May 20 Kentucky proclaims its neutrality until Sep 3, when Confederate forces enter state. North Carolina secedes.
 May 24 Col. Elmer E. Ellsworth friend of Lincoln killed capturing confederate flag in Alexandria
 (East) July 13 Battle of Corrick's Ford takes place in western Virginia.
 (East) July 21 First Battle of Bull Run: At Manassas Junction, Virginia, Confederate victory.
 July 25 Crittenden-Johnson Resolution passed by Congress, stating the war is to preserve the Union and not to end slavery.
 July 26 George McClellan assumes command of Army of Potomac following Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run.
 Aug 5 government issues first income tax as part of Revenue Act of 1861.
 (West) Sep 3 Confederate General Polk invades neutral Kentucky, prompting the state legislature to ask for Union assistance.
 (West) Sep 6 Grant bloodlessly capture Paducah, Kentucky, which gives Union control the mouth of the Tennessee River.
 Oct 9 Battle of Santa Rosa Island: Confederate forces are defeated in their effort to take the island.
 Oct 21 Battle of Ball's Bluff.
 Oct 28 Missouri legislature takes up a bill for Missouri's secession from the Union.
 Oct 30 The bill is passed for Missouri's secession from the Union.
 Oct 31 Missouri's secession from the Union bill is signed by Governor Jackson.
 Winfield Scott resigns as Commander of the United States Army.
 Nov 1 Lincoln appoints George B. McClellan as commander of the Union Army, replacing the aged General Winfield Scott.
 Nov 2 Western Department Union General John C. Fremont is relieved of command and replaced by David Hunter.
 Nov 6 Jefferson Davis is elected president of the Confederate States of America.
 (West) Nov 7 Battle of Belmont: In Belmont, Missouri.
 Nov 8 Trent Affair
 Nov 21 Jefferson Davis appoints Judah Benjamin Secretary of War.
 Nov 28 Acting on ordinance passed by Jackson government, Confederate Congress admits Missouri as 12th Confederate state.
 Dec 10 Kentucky is accepted into the Confederate States of America.
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1862
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Jan 30 The first US ironclad warship, the USS Monitor, is launched.
Feb 1 Julia Ward Howe's Battle Hymn of the Republic is published for the first time in the Atlantic Monthly.
(West) Feb 6 Grant gives the US its first victory of the war, by capturing Fort Henry, Tennessee.
(West) Feb 15 Grant attacks Fort Donelson, Tennessee and captures it the next day.
(West) Feb 21 Battle of Valverde fought near Fort Craig in New Mexico Territory.
Feb 22 Davis is officially inaugurated in Richmond, Virginia, to a 6-year term as president.
(West) March 7 Battle of Pea Ridge: The Confederates are shut out of Missouri.
(East) March 8 CSS Virginia (formerly USS Merrimack) is launched; the Battle of Hampton Roads starts the same day.
(East) March 9 First battle between two ironclad warships, the USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia, begins.
March 13 U.S. government forbids all Union army officers from returning fugitive slaves
(West) March 28 Battle of Glorieta Pass: In New Mexico
(East) April 5 Battle of Yorktown: McClellan close in on Confederate capital Richmond, Virginia.
(West) April 6 In Tennessee, the Battle of Shiloh begins.
(West) April 7 Battle of Shiloh: Union Army under General Ulysses S. Grant defeats the Confederates near Shiloh, Tennessee.
(East) April 12 Andrew's Raid Union volunteers steal a Confederate locomotive, setting off The Great Locomotive Chase.
(West) April 25 Forces under Union Admiral David Farragut capture the Confederate city of New Orleans, Louisiana.
(East) April 26 besieged Confederate garrison at Fort Macon, North Carolina surrenders.
(East) May 11 CSS Virginia is scuttled in the James River northwest of Norfolk, Virginia.
May 20 Lincoln signs the Homestead Act into law.
(East) June 1 Battle of Fair Oaks: Both sides claim victory.
(West) June 4 Confederate troops evacuate Ft Pillow on Mississippi River, leaving way clear for Union troops to take Memphis.
(West) June 6 Battle of Memphis: Union forces capture Memphis, Tennessee from the Confederates
(East) June 8 Battle of Cross Keys: Stonewall Jackson saves Army of Northern Virginia from a Union assault on James Peninsula.
(East) June 26 Battle of Mechanicsville: Lee defeats Union General George McClellan in the first of the Seven Days' Battles.
July 1 Lincoln signs into law the Pacific Railway Acts, authorizing construction of the First Transcontinental Railroad.
July 16 Farragut becomes the first United States Navy rear admiral.
(West) July 19 Morgan's Raid: At Buffington Island in Ohio,
July 23 Henry W. Halleck takes command of the Union Army.
(West) Aug 2 Skirmish at Taberville, Missouri: Union forces force Confederate troops to march south, near Taberville.
(West) Aug 5 Battle of Baton Rouge: near Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Confederate troops drive Union forces back into the city.
Aug 6 CSS Arkansas is scuttled on Mississippi after suffering damage in battle with USS Essex near Baton Rouge.
(East) Aug 9 Battle of Cedar Mountain: At Cedar Mountain, Va, Stonewall Jackson narrowly defeats Union under General Pope.
Aug 14 Lincoln meets with a group of prominent African-Americans – the first time a President has done so. He suggests Black
people should migrate to Africa or Central America, but this advice is rejected.
(West) Aug 17 Indian Wars: A Lakota (Sioux) uprising begins in Minnesota.
(West) Aug 19 Indian Wars: Lakota warriors attack New Ulm, killing white settlers along the way.
(East) Aug 28–30 Second Battle of Bull Run: Confederate forces inflict a crushing defeat on Union General John Pope.
(East) Sep 1 Battle of Chantilly: Lee leads attack on retreating Union troops in Chantilly, Virginia, driving them away.
Sep 2 Lincoln reluctantly restores McClellan to full command after General Pope's disastrous defeat at Second Bull Run.
(East) Sep 5 General Lee leads 55,000 men across Potomac River at White's Ford near Leesburg, Virginia, into Maryland.
(East) Sep 17 Battle of Antietam: Union defeat Confederate at Sharpsburg, Md, (22,000 casualties).
Sep 17 Allegheny Arsenal explosion results in the single largest civilian disaster during the war.
(West) Sep 19 Battle of Iuka.
Sep 22 Preliminary announcement of the Emancipation Proclamation
(West) Oct 8 Battle of Perryville: Buell halts Confederate invasion of Kentucky by defeating troops led by Bragg.
(East) Oct 11 after Battle of Antietam, Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart and his men loot Chambersburg, Penn,
Nov 5 Lincoln removes George B. McClellan as commander of the Union Army.
(West) Nov 5 Indian Wars: In Minnesota, 300 Santee Sioux sentenced to hang.
Nov 14 Lincoln approves General Burnside's plan to capture Richmond, (this leads to defeat at Fredericksburg on Dec 13).
(West) Nov 28 Battle of Cane Hill: General John Blunt push back Confederates commanded by General John Marmaduke into
northwestern Arkansas' Boston Mountains.
Dec 1 State of the Union Address, Lincoln reaffirms the necessity of ending slavery
Dec 2 The first U.S. Navy hospital ships enter service.
(East) Dec 13 Battle of Fredericksburg:
Dec 18 General Order No. 11, expelling all Jews in his military district, is issued by Grant (it is rescinded a few weeks later).
(West) Dec 26 William D. Duly hangs 38 Dakota Sioux in Minnesota.
(West) Dec 26–29 Battle of Chickasaw Bayou.
Dec 30 USS Monitor sinks off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.
Dec 31 Lincoln signs an act that admits West Virginia to the Union
Battle of Stones River is fought near Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
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1863
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Jan 1 Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the second year of War.
(West) Jan 11 Battle of Arkansas Post: General McClernand and Admiral David Dixon Porter capture Arkansas River for Union
March 3 National Conscription Act is signed, leading to the week-long New York Draft Riots.
(East) April 20 Battle of Washington ends inconclusively in Beaufort County, North Carolina.
(West) April 21 Quantrill's Raiders launch a reprisal raid Lawrence, Kansas in the Battle of Lawrence, killing civilians.
(East) May 1-4 Battle of Chancellorsville.
(West) May 14 Battle of Jackson (MS): Grant defeats General Joseph E. Johnston, opening the way for Siege of Vicksburg.
(West) May 18- July 4 Siege of Vicksburg
(West) May 21 Siege of Port Hudson, Louisiana by Union forces begins.
May 28 The 54th Massachusetts, the first African-American regiment, leaves Boston, Massachusetts to fight for the Union.
(East) June 9 Battle of Brandy Station, Virginia ends inconclusively.
(East) June 14 Second Battle of Winchester: Union garrison is defeated by ANV in Shenandoah Valley town of Winchester.
(East) June 17 Battle of Aldie in the Gettysburg Campaign ends inconclusively.
June 20 West Virginia is admitted as the 35th U.S. state.
(East) July 1–3 Union victory at Gettysburg
(West) July 4 Union victory at Vicksburg
(West) July 9 Siege of Port Hudson ends and the Union controls the entire Mississippi River for the first time.
July 13-15 New York Draft Riots
July 18 54th Massachusetts unsuccessfully assaults Fort Wagner
(West) July 26 Morgan's Raid: At Salineville, Ohio, Morgan and 375 of his volunteers are captured by Union forces.
Aug 8 Lee sends a letter of resignation to Jefferson Davis (Davis refuses the request upon receipt).
(East) Aug 17 In Charleston, Union batteries and ships bombard Confederate-held Fort Sumter until Thursday, Dec 31.
(West) Aug 21 Battle of Lawrence: Lawrence, Kansas is attacked by William Quantrill's raiders
(East) Sep 6 Confederates evacuate Battery Wagner and Morris Island in South Carolina.
(East) Oct 14 Battle of Bristoe Station – Confederate General Robert E. Lee forces fail to drive the Union army out of Virginia.
Oct 15 The first successful submarine, CSS Hunley sinks during a test.
(West) Oct 29 Battle of Wauhatchie: Grant wards-off attack led by Longstreet. Union open a supply line into Chattanooga.
(West) Nov 16 Battle of Campbell's Station: Near Knoxville, Tenn, Longstreet unsuccessfully attacks Union under Burnside.
(West) Nov 17 Siege of Knoxville begins: Longstreet places Knoxville, under siege (2-week-long siege unsuccessful).
Nov 19 Gettysburg Address
(West) Nov 23 Battle of Chattanooga III begins: Grant reinforce troops at Chattanooga, and counter-attack Confederates.
(West) Nov 24 Battle of Lookout Mountain: Near Chattanooga
(West) Nov 25 Battle of Missionary Ridge.
(West) Nov 27 Confederate cavalry leader Morgan and several of his men escape Ohio prison, and return safely to the South.
1864
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(East) Feb 17 Confederate submarine Hunley torpedoes USS Housatonic and is sunk
Feb 25 The first Northern prisoners arrive at Andersonville, Georgia
March 9 Lincoln appoints Ulysses S. Grant commander in chief of all Union armies.
(West) March 10 Red River Campaign begins as Union troops reach Alexandria, Louisiana.
April 22 Congress passes the Coinage Act of 1864.
(East) May 5 Battle of the Wilderness begins in Spotsylvania County, Virginia.
May 7 Army of the Potomac, breaks off from the Battle of the Wilderness and moves southwards.
(East) May 11 Battle of Yellow Tavern: Confederate General JEB Stuart is mortally wounded at Yellow Tavern, Virginia.
(East) May 12 Battle of Spotsylvania Court House: The "Bloody Angle" – thousands of Union and Confederate soldiers die.
(East) May 13 Battle of Resaca: The battle begins with Union General Sherman fighting toward Atlanta.
May 18 Civil War gold hoax.
(East) May 20 Battle of Ware Bottom Church: In Virginia Bermuda Hundred Campaign, Confederate victory.
(East) June 5 Battle of Piedmont: Union under Gen David Hunter defeat Confederates at Piedmont, WV, 1,000 prisoners.
(East) June 9 Siege of Petersburg begins.
(West) June 10 Battle of Noonday Creek near Kennesaw, Georgia.
(West) June 10 Battle of Brice's Crossroads: Nathan Bedford Forrest defeat Union in Mississippi.
(East) June 12 Battle of Cold Harbor: Grant pulls his troops from their positions at Cold Harbor, and moves south.
June 15 Arlington National Cemetery is established
(West) June 27 Battle of Kennesaw Mountain near Kennesaw, Georgia.
July 18 Lincoln issues a true proclamation of conscription of 500,000 men for the U.S. Civil War.
(West) July 20 Battle of Peachtree Creek: Near Atlanta, Georgia.
(East) July 22 Battle of Atlanta.
(East) July 24 Battle of Kernstown.
July 28 Battle of Ezra Church.
July 29 Confederate spy Belle Boyd is arrested by Union troops and detained at the Old Capitol Prison in Washington, DC.
(East) July 30 Battle of the Crater.
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(West) Aug 5 Battle of Mobile Bay.
(East) Aug 18 Battle of Globe Tavern
(East) Aug 31 Union forces led by General William T. Sherman launch an assault on Atlanta, Georgia.
(East) Sep 1 Confederate General Hood evacuates Atlanta after a 4-month siege mounted by Union General Sherman.
(East) Sep 2 Union forces under General Sherman enter Atlanta a day after the Confederate defenders fled the city.
(East) Sep 7 Atlanta, Georgia is evacuated on orders of Union General William Tecumseh Sherman.
(East) Oct 2 Battle of Saltville: Union forces attack Saltville, Virginia but are defeated by Confederate troops.
(East) Oct 9 Battle of Tom's Brook: Union cavalrymen in Shenandoah Valley defeat Confederates at Tom's Brook, Virginia.
(East) Oct 28 Second Battle of Fair Oaks.
Nov 4 Battle of Johnsonville.
Nov 8 U.S. presidential election, 1864: Abraham Lincoln is reelected.
(East) Nov 15 Sherman's March to the Sea begins.
Nov 25 Confederate operatives starts fires in more than 20 locations in an unsuccessful attempt to burn down New York City.
(West) Nov 29 Indian Wars – Sand Creek Massacre
(West) Nov 30 Second Battle of Franklin
(West) Dec 15-16 Battle of Nashville: Union forces decisively defeat the Confederate Army of Tennessee.
1865
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(East) Jan 13 Second Battle of Fort Fisher.
(East) Jan 15 United States forces capture Fort Fisher.
Jan 31 Robert E. Lee becomes general-in-chief.
(East) Feb 17 Columbia, South Carolina burns as Confederate forces flee from advancing Union forces.
Feb 22 Tennessee adopts a new constitution that abolishes slavery.
March 3 Congress authorizes formation of the Freedmen's Bureau.
March 4 Lincoln is inaugurated for a second term; Andrew Johnson becomes Vice President.
March 13 Confederate States of America agrees to the use of African American troops.
March 18 Congress of the Confederate States of America adjourns for the last time.
(East) March 19 Battle of Bentonville begins
(East) March 25 Confederate forces capture Fort Steadman from the Union.
(East) April 1 Battle of Five Forks: In Petersburg, Virginia.
April 2 President Davis and most of his Cabinet flee Richmond, Virginia, which is taken by Union troops the next day.
(East) April 9 Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House, effectively ending War.
April 14 Lincoln is shot at Ford's Theatre by John Wilkes Booth.
April 14 Sec. State William H. Seward and his family are attacked in his home by Lewis Powell.
April 15 Vice President Andrew Johnson becomes the 17th President, upon the death of Lincoln.
April 18 Jefferson Davis and his entire cabinet arrive in Charlotte with a contingent of 1,000 soldiers.
April 26 John Wilkes Booth cornered and killed.
April 26 General Joseph Johnston surrenders his army to Major General Sherman at Durham Station, North Carolina.
April 27 The steamboat Sultana, carrying 2,300 passengers, explodes and sinks in the Mississippi.
(West) May 4 General Richard Taylor, surrenders effectively ending all Confederate resistance east of the Mississippi.
May 5 In North Bend, Ohio (a suburb of Cincinnati), the first train robbery in the United States takes place.
May 5 Jefferson Davis meets with his Cabinet (14 officials) for the last time, in Washington, Georgia, and is officially dissolved.
May 10 Jefferson Davis is captured by Union troops near Irwinville, Georgia.
(West) May 13 Battle of Palmito Ranch:last land battle of the civil war ends with a Confederate victory.
May 23 Union troops parade down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, DC to celebrate the end of the American Civil War.
May 25 Mobile magazine explosion: 300 are killed in Mobile, Alabama when an ordnance depot explodes.
(West) June 2 Confederate forces west of the Mississippi under General Edmund Kirby Smith surrender at Galveston, Texas,
becoming the last to do so.
June 19 Union Major General Gordon Granger lands at Galveston, Texas and informs the people of Texas of the Emancipation
Proclamation. (an event now celebrated each year as Juneteenth).
June 23 At Fort Towson in Oklahoma Territory, Confederate General Stand Watie, a Cherokee Indian, surrenders the last significant
Rebel army.
July 5 Secret Service is founded.
July 7 Lincoln assasins condemned to death during the trial are hanged.
July 21 Wild Bill Hickok shoots Dave Tutt dead in what is regarded as the first true western showdown.
Nov 10 Major Henry Wirz, the superintendent of a prison camp in Andersonville, Georgia, is hanged.
Dec 18 Thirteenth Amendment to Constitution (which forever abolishes slavery) is declared ratified.
Dec 24 Jonathan Shank and Barry Ownby form the Ku Klux Klan