Download BioBases Exam 2

BioBases Exam #2 Study Guide
STRESS AND SEX
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Endocrine System (8 major glands)
Pineal Gland: circadian behaviors
Pituitary: “master” control gland
1) Location: hangs beneath hypothalamus
2) Anterior Pituitary: ‘MASTER’ gland
(a) releases 6 major hormones
(i)
FSH – follicle stimulating hormone: signals follicles to mature
(ii)
LH – leutinizing hormone: signals release of follicle into follopian tube
(iii)
PRL – prolactin: production of milk
(iv)
TSH – thyroid stimulating hormone: stimulates thyroid
(v)
GH – growth hormone: affects growth
(vi)
ACTH – adreno-co-tropic hormone: stimulates pn of cortisol from adrenal glands.
3) Posterior Pituitary:
(a) releases 2 hormones pd in HYPOTHALAMUS
(i)
ADH – anti-diuretic hormone: blood volume control (retains water in blood)
(ii)
Oxytocin – stimulates uterine contractions and lactation
Thyroid: growth and metabolism
Parathyroid: calcium regulation
Thymus: immune system (children)
Pancreas: blood sugar control
Adrenal: stress, many other functions – located “on top of kidneys”
1) Releases 3 major classes of hormones
(a) Androgens: (e.g., testosterone in males)
(b) Glucocorticoids, Cortisol: involved in stress response!!
(c) E (adrenaline), NE: aka – epinephrine, norepinephrine
Gonads: (ovaries or testes) for reproduction
STRESS
Basic Info:
1) Def: The physiological reaction of the body to perceived aversive or threatening situations.
2) Often called: “fight or flight”
3) Mediated by SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
(a) controlled by adrenal hormones under the control of the hypothalamus/pituitary
4) Somatic Response to Stress:
(a) Pupils dialate
(b) Attention and alertness are enhanced
(c) Energy stores are mobilized for quick availability
(d) Heart-rate and blood pressure increase
(e) Non-essential functions are suppressed (e.g., appetite, digestion, libido)