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HTML 02: Enhancing the Web Page Committed to Shaping the Next Generation of IT Experts.1 Objectives Planning a web page Rules of creating a web page Design checklist Formatting with Cascading Style Sheets Using graphics Changing color Using tables 2 Planning a Web Page Questions to ask What is the purpose of Web presentation? Who is the audience? What information am I trying to convey? How will I organization the information? How can I make it attract visitors? Structure of Web Page Rules of Thumb Consistent layout for each page One topic per page Keep pages short so scrolling not necessary Avoid large graphics at the top (Takes too long to load) Design Checklist Be brief Be clear Use simple language Check spelling & grammar Try out presentation in more than one browser Use Features to Tie it all Together Use Lists or menus Avoid links that are not relevant Use consistent terms & icons Use same banner or logo on each page Use consistent layout Use return link to home page on all pages Make sure links are current More Features to Tie it all Together Avoid graphics that are not relevant Include alternative text with every graphic Each page should be able to stand alone Avoid over-emphasizing / over-formatting Contrast text from background (readability) Use horizontal lines to separate sections of the page Formatting with Cascading Style Sheets Styles pre-define formats Allows changes to be made quickly All styles are defined in one place Makes for Global Formatting Changes made in one place affects all Best to put Style tag in HEAD section Cascading Styles Example: All Body text to be centered <HEAD> <STYLE type = “text/css”> Body {text-align: center} </STYLE> </HEAD> <BODY> etc … Defining a CLASS for Style Class used in two places In HEAD Style definition In Body text HEAD EXAMPLE: <STYLE type =“text/css”> P {font-style: normal} P.it {font-style: italics} P.color {color: red} </STYLE> Defining a CLASS for Style (Continued) Class used in two places In HEAD Style definition In Body text BODY Text EXAMPLE: <P class = “it”> This text will be in italics </P> <P> This text is not affected <\P> <P class = “color”> This text is red <\P> <P> This text is not affected <\P> HTML to Show Use of Classes RESULTING WEB PAGE Mixing Classes with Other Tags Adding a Bold Tag Inserting Pictures / Graphics Can include universal formats .JPG .GIF (best for photographs) (most browsers accept this format) Use <IMG> Must use SRC=“filename” attribute for source EXAMPLE: <IMG SRC=“A:\picturename.jpg”> No closing tag Inserting Pictures / Graphics Can use ALT= alternate attribute to display EXAMPLE: <IMG SRC=“A:\picturename.jpg” ALT=“Company CEO”> This will display “Company CEO” rather than the file name (“A:\picturename.jpg”) Other attributes available are HEIGHT, WIDTH, FLOAT (causes browser to load quicker) Height & Width are measured in pixels Float defines position (Left, Right, Center) Inserting Pictures / Graphics EXAMPLE using Height, Width, Float <IMG SRC=“A:\picturename.jpg” ALT=“Company CEO” HEIGHT= “200” Width = “40”> Better to use Classes for each image size <STYLE type=“text/css”> IMG.ceoPic1 {width: 40; height: 200; float: center} </STYLE> … body text … <IMG SRC=“A:\picturename.jpg” class=“ceoPic1” ALT=“Company CEO”> Using a Graphic as Background Use image as background (instead of color) EXAMPLE for BODY background <STYLE type=“text/css”> BODY {background-image: url (A:\classroom2.jpg)} </STYLE> Image should be light in color for better reading of page RESULT of Classroom as background Result of using a small picture as a background (Browser tiles the image and repeats it to cover background) Changing Text Color Can change color of different text types <P> <BODY> <H1>, <H2>, etc. Can change color of hypertext links Can change color of visited links Can change color of active links Common Colors COLOR HEX EQUIVALENT Red #FF0000 #00FF00 #0000FF #000000 #FFFFFF #DEB887 #19CCDF #FF00FF #FFFF00 Green Blue Black White Tan Turquoise Magenta Yellow To Insert Special Characters You can use Name or Code CHARACTER NAME CODE © © © ® ® ® È È È ¥ ¥ ¥ £ £ £ > > > < < < & & & Must use Name or Code for “<“ because HTML uses that for start of a tag IF A < B would be coded: IF A < B or IF A < B Inline Styles Used rarely – Single style definition is preferable Used when a style is to be used only once How it works: <H1> <B style=“font-size: 48”> L</B>ove </H1> Would produce: Love Using Tables To better organize data for user Columns and rows (intersection is a cell) Data placed in cells Table contents are between: <TABLE> and </TABLE> tags Table Syntax Start each row with: <TR> tag End each row with: </TR> tag Everything between these tags will appear in one row Table Syntax <TABLE> <TR> … text in First row </TR> <TR> … text in Second row </TR> </TABLE> Table Syntax Use the <TH> and </TH> tags for column head Will make contents BOLD for Col. Headings EXAMPLE: <TABLE> <TR> <TH> Qty </TH> <TH> Price </TH> <TH> Cost </TH> </TR> Will create: Qty Price Cost Table Syntax Use the <TD> and </TD> tags for column data <TABLE> <TR> <TH> Qty </TH> <TH> Price </TH> <TH> Cost </TH> </TR> <TR> <TD>2</TD> <TD>$10.00</TD> <TD>$40.00</TD> </TR> Table Syntax Adding a Border Use the <TD> and </TD> tags for column data <TABLE BORDER=4> <TR> <TH> Qty </TH> <TH> Price </TH> <TH> Cost </TH> </TR> <TR> <TD>2</TD> <TD>$10.00</TD> <TD>$40.00</TD> </TR> Table Syntax Wider Border & More Spacing Use the <TD> and </TD> tags for column data <TABLE BORDER=12 CELLSPACING=12> <TR> More space between cells <TH> Qty </TH> Wider Border <TH> Price </TH> <TH> Cost </TH> </TR> <TR> <TD>2</TD> <TD>$10.00</TD> <TD>$40.00</TD> </TR>