Download THE ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR

THE ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR
 On December 7, 1941
the Empire of Japan
launched a surprise
attack on the U.S.
Naval base at Pearl
Harbor on the Island of
Oahu, Hawaii.
 The attack would bring
the U.S. into World
War II.
PEARL HARBOR CONTINUED
 The intent of the
attack was to secures
Japan’s move into
Singapore and the
Dutch East Indies to
obtain resources (oil),
by preventing
intervention by the
U.S. Pacific fleet.
LOSSES AT PEARL HARBOR
2403 U.S. military personal
died, 1178 were wounded.
Eleven U.S. ships were
destroyed or sunk. (U.S.S.
Arizona)
188 aircraft were destroyed.
Japan lost 64 soldiers, 29
aircraft, and 5 midget
submarines.
“A DATE WHICH WILL LIVE IN INFAMY” (FDR)
 On December 8, 1941
the United States and
Great Britain declared
war on Japan.
 On December 11, 1941
Germany declared war
on the United States,
and the U.S. was
officially in World War
II.
THE BATAAN DEATH MARCH
 On April 10, 1942
76,000 Allied POWs
including 12,000 U.S.
soldiers are forced to
walk 60 miles under
the blazing sun
without food or water
to a new POW camp.
 Over 5,000 Americans
die on this journey.
THE DOOLITTLE RAID
 On April 18, 1942 the
United States launched the
Doolittle Raid.
 B-25s from the USS Hornet
launch bombing raids
against Tokyo.
 All the pilots were
volunteers, considered a
suicide mission.
THE DOOLITTLE RAID CONTINUED
 Bombers would launch
from an aircraft carrier to
attack Japan and land in
China.
 The planes were forced to
launch early because they
were discovered by the
Japanese.
 They had to fly a greater
distance and did not have
enough fuel to reach China
safely.
RESULTS OF THE DOOLITTLE RAID
 The bombers did hit Japan
and did some damage.
 One of the 16 planes
crashed in Russia, the
others had to land early in
China.
 2 crew members died in
the crash, 8 were captured
and three executed. The
other five eventually were
set free.
 It proved to Japan that they
could be hit.
THE BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA
 The battle took place from
May 7-8 off the coast of
New Guinea.
 It is the first time in history
that two opposing aircraft
carrier forces fight each
other without seeing each
other, using only aircraft.
 Japan suffers its first defeat
of the World War II.
THE SIEGE OF LENINGRAD
 On August 20, 1941 the
German Army begin to
advance towards
Leningrad (St.
Petersburg), a large city
in Northern Russia.
 The siege started on
September 8, 1941 and
was lifted on January
27, 1944.
LENINGRAD CONTINUED
 The siege lasted 900 days
and is considered to be the
second most lethal battle
in history.
 The Soviet lost 332,000
soldiers, 24,000 died in
non-combat situations,
and about 1 million
civilians died (combat,
starvation, exposure)
 The Germans lost more
than half of the 725,000
soldiers in Leningrad.
LENINGRAD IS RELIEVED
The Siege of Leningrad ended on Jan. 27,
1944 – 872 days after it began.
3200 residential building, 9,000 wooden
houses, and 840 factories were destroyed.
500,000 Axis casualties, 350,000 Soviet
Soldiers killed, over 100,000 Soviet soldiers
missing, over 1 million Soviet civilian
casualties.
Why did the
Germans want
Stalingrad?
1. It is a major
industrial city on
the Volga River –
transportation
network to the
north. 2. Its
capture would
allow Germany
into the oil-rich
Caucasus Region
cutting of oil to
Russia’s military.
JULY 9, 1942 THE GERMANS BEGIN
THE PUSH TO TAKE OVER
STALINGRAD (U.S.S.R) – VOLGOGRAD
*The Battle of
Stalingrad is the
single most
bloodiest battle
in history – the
second being the
Battle of
Leningrad.
*The battle was
fought in the
buildings and
streets of
Stalingrad with
thousands of
Russian civilians
involved.
BATTLE OF STALINGRADE
JULY 17, 1942 – FEBRUARY 2, 1943
Soviets =
479,000 dead or
missing soldiers.
650,000 wounded
or sick
40,000 plus
civilians dead.
Thousands of
civilians wounded,
homeless, hungry.
STALINGRAD CONTINUED
OTHER RESULTS
 GERMANY = 750,000 SOLDIERS KILLED OR WOUNDED.
 91, 000 SOLDIERS CAPTURED.
 Over all there were about 2 million casualties making it the
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deadliest battle in history.
The battle lasted for 199 days – making it one of the longest in
history.
This was a turning point on the Eastern Front of Europe – the
Germans began to retreat and did not launch another successful
invasion on the east.
The life expectancy for a newly arrived Russian soldier at
Stalingrad was one day ( at the height of the battle ), for an
officer it was three days.
SOVIET VICTORY?
THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY
 On June 4-5 of 1942 the
Japanese and the United
States fought to control the
island of Midway, one of
the last U.S. outpost in the
Pacific.
 This was another battle
where most of the fighting
was done by aircrafts form
carriers.
MIDWAY CONTINUED
 U.S. torpedo planes and
dive bombers form the
carriers ENTERPRISE,
HORNET, and
YORKTOWN attacked and
destroyed four Japanese
aircraft carriers, plus other
Japanese ships.
 The Unites States lost the
YORKTOWN.
 This was an American
victory and the turning
point of the war.
MARCH 1942
 General Douglas
MacArthur is
appointed commander
of the Army in the
Pacific.
 Admiral Chester
Nimitz is appointed
commander of the
Navy in the Pacific.