Download Chapter 16 Review: The Digestive System

Chapter 16 Review: The Digestive System
Know the following:
 Identify the organs of the digestive tract and the accessory organs of digestion.
 List the functions of the digestive system.
 Describe the histology of each segment of the digestive tract in relation to its function.
 Explain how ingested materials are propelled through the digestive tract.
 Describe how food is processed in the mouth, and describe the key events of the
swallowing process.
 Describe the anatomy of the stomach, its histological features, and its roles in digestion
and absorption.
 Explain the functions of intestinal secretions, and discuss the significance of digestion in
the small intestine.
 Describe the structure and functions of the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder, and explain
how their activities are regulated.
 Describe the structure of the large intestine, its movements, and its absorptive functions.
 Describe the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
 Describe the changes in the digestive system that occur with aging.
Answer the following:
1. What six integrated steps comprise the digestive functions?
2. What major layers show histological features reflecting specializations throughout the
digestive tract? (List the layers in correct order from the inside to the outside.)
3. Briefly describe the difference between a peristaltic movement of food and movement
by segmentation.
4. What three pairs of salivary glands secrete saliva into the oral cavity?
5. What four types of teeth are found in the oral cavity, and what is the function of each
type?
6. Starting at the superior end of the digestive tract and proceeding inferiorly, what
sphincters control movement of materials through the tract?
7. What are the similarities and differences between parietal cells and chief cells in the
wall of the stomach?
8. What three phases are involved in the regulation of gastric function? What regulatory
mechanism(s) dominate each phase?
9. What are the three most important hormones that regulate intestinal activity?
10. What are the three principal functions of the large intestine?
11. What three basic categories describe the functions of the liver?
12. What two distinct functions are performed by the pancreas?