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How Do Animals Digest Food and Absorb Nutrients? 1. For each of the following animal groups: know the type of digestive cavity they have (if any), if there is a separate mouth and anus, and whether digestion is intracellular, extracellular, or both. sponges cnidarians flatworms (planarian) annelids (earthworm) vertebrates 2. Be able to explain the advantages of a 1-way digestive tract. 3. Compare, in general terms, the digestive tract of herbivorous vs. carnivorous vertebrates; why is plant food more difficult to digest than meat? 4. Indicate the role of the crop and gizzard in birds, and the rumen in mammals; what type of diet is associated with these structures? 5. Be able to explain the role of muscle and epithelium in the function of digestive tracts. 6. Know the function in digestion of each of the following, and name human organ(s) that produce it: amylase pepsin trypsin lipase acid bicarbonate 7. Indicate which aspects of nutrient digestion and absorption occur in each of the following parts of the human digestive tract: mouth stomach lumen of small intestine microvilli of small intestine large intestine 8. Indicate where most symbiotic bacteria live within the human digestive tract and why they are important to human health; what are probiotics and how are they used?
