Download What-you-should-know-Unit

Unit 2a: What you should know
1. The _______________ of the human male produce sperm from germline cells in
seminiferous tubules and make testosterone in ________________________
cells.
2. The mobility and viability of sperm are maintained by fluids secreted by
the ____________ gland and _________________ vesicles.
3. The _____________ of the human female contain __________________ cells
that produce ova (eggs) each surrounded by a protective ______________.
Hormones made by the ovary are oestrogen and __________________.
4. The
pituitary
gland
releases
______________________________________
hormone
(FSH)
and
interstitial-cell-stimulating
hormone
(ICSH)/_____________________ hormone (LH).
5. In
men,
FSH
stimulates
sperm
production
and
ICSH
promotes
______________________ production. The concentration of testosterone is
maintained at a steady level by ________________ feedback control.
6. In women, FSH stimulates the development of a follicle containing an ovum
(egg)
and
the
secretion
of
___________________.
LH
triggers
________________ and brings about the development of the corpus
___________________ which secretes progesterone.
7. Oestrogen stimulates the proliferation of the _______________________ and
progesterone
promotes
its
further
development
and
_________________________________.
8. The ___________________ cycle lasts for 28 days and involves a follicular
________ and a luteal phase.
9. Fertility in men is _____________________; fertility in women is
__________, being restricted to the 3-4 days following ovulation in each
monthly cycle.
10. Infertility may be caused by failure to ovulate, blockage of
_________________ or failure of ____________________ in women, and low
____________ count in men.
11. Methods of treatment of infertility include the use of drugs that
_________________
ovulation,
artificial
_____________________,
in___________
fertilisation
(IVF)
and
intracytoplasmic
sperm
____________________ (ICSI). Pre-implantation ____________________________
diagnosis may be used during IVF to check an embryo for chromosomal
defects before implantation.
12. Some methods of contraception are based on ______________________
knowledge of the menstrual cycle and the ____________________ of fertile
periods. Other physical methods depend on ______________________, intrauterine devices or IUDs. Some __________________ methods prevent follicles
from being stimulated and eggs from being released. Others cause
thickening of cervical ___________.
13. During antenatal care, a _____________ scan is made by ultrasound
imaging
to
determine
the
stage
the
pregnancy
has
reached.
An
_______________ scan is used to detect physical problems in the fetus.
14. Signs of medical conditions suffered by pregnant women can be detected
using screening tests for ______________ chemicals. These allow risk of
genetic disorders in the fetus to be assessed and may be followed up by
_______________ tests.
15. A ________________ is a display of a complement of chromosomes arranged
in pairs to show their form, size and number.
16. During _________________________, a sample of amniotic fluid is taken to
obtain
cells
for
karyotyping
to
check
for
__________________
abnormalities. During _______________ villus sampling, cells for the same
purpose are obtained from the placenta. This procedure carries a higher
risk of ____________________ than amniocentesis.
17. A
Rhesus-negative
mother
is
given
____________________________
antibodies after the birth of a Rhesus-positive baby to destroy any Rhesus
________________ before her immune system has time to respond to them.
18. ______________________ screening is carried out on newborn babies to
check for metabolic disorders such as PKU. Information about a particular
characteristic can be collected from the members of a family and be used
to construct a _________________ chart. Single gene disorders show
different patterns of inheritance, such as autosomal recessive.
o
o
o
o
o
amniocentesis
anomaly
antigens
anti-rhesus
avoidance
o
o
o
o
o
o barriers
o biological
dating
diagnostic
endometrium
follicle
follicle
stimulating
o genetic
o germline
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
chemical
chorionic
chromosomal
continuous
o cyclical
o
o
o
o
o
implantation
injection
insemination
interstitial
o karyotype
luteinising
luteum
marker
menstrual
miscarriage
o mucus
o negative
oestrogen
ovaries
oviducts
ovulation
o pedigree
o
o
o
o
o
phase
postnatal
progesterone
prostate
seminal
o sperm
o sterilisatio
n
o stimulate
o testes
o testosterone
o vascularisat
ion
o vitro