Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pearls, Pitfalls and Advances in 2010
... • Defined as excess terminal (thick pigmented) body hair in a male distribution and is commonly noted on the upper lip, around the breast nipples and along the linea alba of the lower abdomen. • Ferriman-Gallwey Model Scoring System for severity of hirsutism ...
... • Defined as excess terminal (thick pigmented) body hair in a male distribution and is commonly noted on the upper lip, around the breast nipples and along the linea alba of the lower abdomen. • Ferriman-Gallwey Model Scoring System for severity of hirsutism ...
Serum Concentrations of Luteinizing Hormone, Growth Hormone
... phase based on day of the estrous cycle had serum progesterone (6.55 ng/mL) and estradiol concentrations (below assay sensitivity) consistent with a luteal-phase gilt. This gilt was not included in the statistical analyses. Serum progesterone concentrations in the remaining luteal-phase animals were ...
... phase based on day of the estrous cycle had serum progesterone (6.55 ng/mL) and estradiol concentrations (below assay sensitivity) consistent with a luteal-phase gilt. This gilt was not included in the statistical analyses. Serum progesterone concentrations in the remaining luteal-phase animals were ...
nr. 502 - 2016 Semi-Mechanistic Pharmacokinetic and
... With an interest in applied mathematics, in particular modelling within human physiology, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) modelling in drug development was the ideal topic for my PhD work. The project was an industrial PhD as a collaboration between the department of Science, Systems, ...
... With an interest in applied mathematics, in particular modelling within human physiology, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) modelling in drug development was the ideal topic for my PhD work. The project was an industrial PhD as a collaboration between the department of Science, Systems, ...
Testosterone Is Your Friend
... retain it more efficiently. Men produce testosterone in their testicles and adrenal glands, and cannot naturally overproduce this hormone. There is no such condition as “hypergonadism” in men. The only way men can have an excessive level, is by taking some type of testosterone supplement. Even then, ...
... retain it more efficiently. Men produce testosterone in their testicles and adrenal glands, and cannot naturally overproduce this hormone. There is no such condition as “hypergonadism” in men. The only way men can have an excessive level, is by taking some type of testosterone supplement. Even then, ...
IGF-1 in the Brain as a Regulator of Reproductive
... factor–1 (IGF-1) as a signal controlling reproductive function, with possible links to somatic growth, particularly during puberty. In vertebrates, the appropriate neurosecretion of the decapeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays a critical role in the progression of puberty. Gonadotropi ...
... factor–1 (IGF-1) as a signal controlling reproductive function, with possible links to somatic growth, particularly during puberty. In vertebrates, the appropriate neurosecretion of the decapeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays a critical role in the progression of puberty. Gonadotropi ...
The Estrous Cycle
... Ovarian follicles grow in what are normally referred to as “waves” during the estrous cycle. Most cattle have either 2 or 3 waves of follicle growth during each estrous cycle. The first wave begins immediately after ovulation. The second wave starts on approximately day 10. In some cows, a third wav ...
... Ovarian follicles grow in what are normally referred to as “waves” during the estrous cycle. Most cattle have either 2 or 3 waves of follicle growth during each estrous cycle. The first wave begins immediately after ovulation. The second wave starts on approximately day 10. In some cows, a third wav ...
Late-Onset Hypogonadism
... disease. Using synthetic testosterone is often recommended in the treatment of testosterone deficiency. Unfortunately, synthetic testosterone can cause side effects such as infertility and a long-term use of testosterone may also lead to irreversible testicular atrophy. Therefore, patients receiving ...
... disease. Using synthetic testosterone is often recommended in the treatment of testosterone deficiency. Unfortunately, synthetic testosterone can cause side effects such as infertility and a long-term use of testosterone may also lead to irreversible testicular atrophy. Therefore, patients receiving ...
Test Selection and Interpretation The Quest Diagnostics Manual
... In this manual, we have consolidated detailed technical information for more than 150 of the endocrine and endocrine-related tests performed at Nichols Institute. The manual includes an overview of the physiology of each endocrine system, the diagnostic applications of each test, interpretation of t ...
... In this manual, we have consolidated detailed technical information for more than 150 of the endocrine and endocrine-related tests performed at Nichols Institute. The manual includes an overview of the physiology of each endocrine system, the diagnostic applications of each test, interpretation of t ...
Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging of the
... pituitary volume which in turn would lead to infarction due to the limited space in the rigid walls of the sella (Riedl et al., 2000). Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using exogenous contrast agents like Gadolinium-DTPA is a non-invasive tool for studying functional parame ...
... pituitary volume which in turn would lead to infarction due to the limited space in the rigid walls of the sella (Riedl et al., 2000). Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using exogenous contrast agents like Gadolinium-DTPA is a non-invasive tool for studying functional parame ...
MRI features of growth hormone deficiency in children with short
... does not produce enough GH. Partial or complete deficiency of anterior pituitary is usually caused by receptor defects and structural abnormality. According to a study published by World Health Organization in 2000, dwarfism prevalence rate in developing countries is as high as 32.5% (1). There are ...
... does not produce enough GH. Partial or complete deficiency of anterior pituitary is usually caused by receptor defects and structural abnormality. According to a study published by World Health Organization in 2000, dwarfism prevalence rate in developing countries is as high as 32.5% (1). There are ...
Reproductive Biology of Salmoniform and Pleuronectiform Fishes with Special Reference to
... Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a decapeptide originally isolated from pig and sheep hypothalami as a physiologic regulator of luteinizing hormone (LH) release from the pituitary (Matsuo et al. 1971; Burgus et al. 1972). At present, it is generally accepted that GnRH regulates synthesis and ...
... Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is a decapeptide originally isolated from pig and sheep hypothalami as a physiologic regulator of luteinizing hormone (LH) release from the pituitary (Matsuo et al. 1971; Burgus et al. 1972). At present, it is generally accepted that GnRH regulates synthesis and ...
ESPE Classification of Paediatric Endocrine Diagnoses
... establishing a coding system, a glossary of the most important disorders has been appended, in the form of endnotes, for the purpose of clarification and unequivocal description. Nevertheless, in areas where we are still ignorant about aetiology, any classification will be, to an extent, arbitrary (fo ...
... establishing a coding system, a glossary of the most important disorders has been appended, in the form of endnotes, for the purpose of clarification and unequivocal description. Nevertheless, in areas where we are still ignorant about aetiology, any classification will be, to an extent, arbitrary (fo ...
Andrew V. Schally - Nobel Lecture
... Table 1. CRF Activity of Pig Hypothalamic Preparations Measured by Stimulation of ACTH Release in vitro from Isolated Rat Pituitary Fragments. ...
... Table 1. CRF Activity of Pig Hypothalamic Preparations Measured by Stimulation of ACTH Release in vitro from Isolated Rat Pituitary Fragments. ...
Novel FGF8 Mutations Associated with Recessive
... olfactory dysfunction. The patient was heterozygous for a novel FGF8 mutation (c.646C⬎G, p.Q216E) (Fig. 2C) in a highly conserved region of the gene across multiple species (Fig. 2D), ...
... olfactory dysfunction. The patient was heterozygous for a novel FGF8 mutation (c.646C⬎G, p.Q216E) (Fig. 2C) in a highly conserved region of the gene across multiple species (Fig. 2D), ...
a time course study
... found to be highly correlated with the release of less acidic isoforms, whereas conditions characterized by low concentrations of oestradiol induce the release of acidic isoforms (Padmanabhan et al., 1988; Wide and Bakos, 1993; Zambrano et al., 1995; for review, see Fauser, 1996). Furthermore, it ha ...
... found to be highly correlated with the release of less acidic isoforms, whereas conditions characterized by low concentrations of oestradiol induce the release of acidic isoforms (Padmanabhan et al., 1988; Wide and Bakos, 1993; Zambrano et al., 1995; for review, see Fauser, 1996). Furthermore, it ha ...
A Detailed Study on Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome
... might, however, be a drive to the appetite centres of the brain. Weight gain results in higher insulin levels which in turn drives the ovary to make more testosterone. Thus, as women gain weight the concentration of testosterone in the blood rises. The cause of obesity may uncertain but the fact of ...
... might, however, be a drive to the appetite centres of the brain. Weight gain results in higher insulin levels which in turn drives the ovary to make more testosterone. Thus, as women gain weight the concentration of testosterone in the blood rises. The cause of obesity may uncertain but the fact of ...
Jak2 Is Necessary for Neuroendocrine Control of Female
... assigned as predominantly basal and cornified nucleated cells, estrus was mice. assigned as predominantly cornified epithelial cells, metestrus was asMaterials and Methods signed as mixed cornified epithelial cells and leukocytes, and diestrus was assigned as predominantly leukocytes. Generation of ...
... assigned as predominantly basal and cornified nucleated cells, estrus was mice. assigned as predominantly cornified epithelial cells, metestrus was asMaterials and Methods signed as mixed cornified epithelial cells and leukocytes, and diestrus was assigned as predominantly leukocytes. Generation of ...
Altered functional resting-state hypothalamic connectivity and
... rupture. In addition, patients with PWS suffer from developmental delays and multiple abnormalities of the endocrine system, such as short stature, hypogonadism, delayed and incomplete sexual maturation and infertility [4, 5], high pain threshold, and abnormalities in temperature regulation. Clinica ...
... rupture. In addition, patients with PWS suffer from developmental delays and multiple abnormalities of the endocrine system, such as short stature, hypogonadism, delayed and incomplete sexual maturation and infertility [4, 5], high pain threshold, and abnormalities in temperature regulation. Clinica ...
Hypophysis and Hypothalamus
... a neurodevelopmental delay, an intracranial hypertension or a visual disturbance. In this chapter, we will first describe presentations with primitive endocrine dysfunction of hypothalamus–hypophysis axis, but we have to keep in mind that sellar and suprasellar tumors, described at the end of this c ...
... a neurodevelopmental delay, an intracranial hypertension or a visual disturbance. In this chapter, we will first describe presentations with primitive endocrine dysfunction of hypothalamus–hypophysis axis, but we have to keep in mind that sellar and suprasellar tumors, described at the end of this c ...
Regulation of inhibin/activin subunits and follistatin mRNA
... Effect of LHRH antagonist on proestrus on the serum concentrations of FSH and on the pituitary expression of inhibin/activin a-, bA- and bB-subunits and follistatin mRNA at 0030 h on estrus (Table 1) The administration of ANT significantly decreased the serum concentrations of FSH at early estrus wh ...
... Effect of LHRH antagonist on proestrus on the serum concentrations of FSH and on the pituitary expression of inhibin/activin a-, bA- and bB-subunits and follistatin mRNA at 0030 h on estrus (Table 1) The administration of ANT significantly decreased the serum concentrations of FSH at early estrus wh ...
IJCPT TDS Testos correc Article IV09
... and Cmax for all the corrected and uncorrected data. Correction 4 was performed on the AUC and the Cmax values and the average values were calculated for both active treatments. Results: The relative bioavailability comparison of the AUC and Cmax, showed that the TDS®-testosterone and Androgel® was ...
... and Cmax for all the corrected and uncorrected data. Correction 4 was performed on the AUC and the Cmax values and the average values were calculated for both active treatments. Results: The relative bioavailability comparison of the AUC and Cmax, showed that the TDS®-testosterone and Androgel® was ...
Neuroendocrine regulation of GnRH release and expression of
... E2 but not P4 decreased pituitary LHβ mRNA in the hypothalamic-pituitary disconnected animals [42]. In cycling ewes, P4 suppresses GnRH-R gene expression in the anterior pituitary gland [200]. However, the mechanism of P4 inhibitory action on the expression of GnRHR gene in the anterior pituitary gl ...
... E2 but not P4 decreased pituitary LHβ mRNA in the hypothalamic-pituitary disconnected animals [42]. In cycling ewes, P4 suppresses GnRH-R gene expression in the anterior pituitary gland [200]. However, the mechanism of P4 inhibitory action on the expression of GnRHR gene in the anterior pituitary gl ...
pituitary gland – an overview
... 25- 150ng/ml - prolactinoma, stalk effect, drugs , Hypothyroid > 150ng/ml - prolactinoma(pure or mixed) > 1000 ng/ml - invasive prolactinomas ...
... 25- 150ng/ml - prolactinoma, stalk effect, drugs , Hypothyroid > 150ng/ml - prolactinoma(pure or mixed) > 1000 ng/ml - invasive prolactinomas ...
Secretion of neuron-specific enolase, prolactin, growth hormone
... and/or prolactin and 13 "functionless" tumours were noma. Great care was taken at operation to distinguish adedefined by plasma hormone levels in conjunction with noma from normal pituitary tissue. In patients with visual loss, removal of the adenoma and its suprasellar extension measurements of hor ...
... and/or prolactin and 13 "functionless" tumours were noma. Great care was taken at operation to distinguish adedefined by plasma hormone levels in conjunction with noma from normal pituitary tissue. In patients with visual loss, removal of the adenoma and its suprasellar extension measurements of hor ...
PCOS - Hormones.gr
... LH/FSH ratio, T, DHEAS, 17 OH progesterone and FAI and negatively related to T/Δ4A ratio. In the milder phenotype III, a positive correlation between Δ4A levels >3.8 ng/ml and T, DHEAS, 17 OH progesterone and FAI and a negative one between increased Δ4A and T/Δ4A ratio were reported. In the whole PC ...
... LH/FSH ratio, T, DHEAS, 17 OH progesterone and FAI and negatively related to T/Δ4A ratio. In the milder phenotype III, a positive correlation between Δ4A levels >3.8 ng/ml and T, DHEAS, 17 OH progesterone and FAI and a negative one between increased Δ4A and T/Δ4A ratio were reported. In the whole PC ...
Kallmann syndrome
Kallmann syndrome is a genetic condition where the primary symptom is a failure to start puberty or a failure to fully complete it. It occurs in both males and females and has the additional symptoms of hypogonadism and almost invariably infertility. Kallmann syndrome also features the additional symptom of an altered sense of smell; either completely absent (anosmia) or highly reduced (hyposmia). Kallmann syndrome occurs when the hypothalamic neurons that are responsible for releasing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH neurons) fail to migrate into the hypothalamus during embryonic development. Kallmann syndrome is a part of a group of conditions that come under the term hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). The sense of smell is only affected in approximately 50% of HH cases and these cases are termed Kallmann syndrome. Apart from the sense of smell there is no difference in the diagnosis or treatment of a case of HH or a case of Kallmann syndrome.The terminology used when describing cases of HH can vary. The term congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is now often used. Other terms used include idiopathic / isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH), normosmic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (nHH) or hypothalamic hypogonadism. The term HH can be used to cover all cases, including Kallmann syndrome. The term isolated GnRH deficiency (IGD) has increasingly been used to describe these group of conditions as it highlights the primary cause of these conditions and to distinguish them from other conditions such as Klinefelter syndrome or Turner syndrome which share some similar symptoms but have a totally different etiology.The term hypogonadism describes a low level of circulating sex hormones; testosterone in males and oestrogen and progesterone in females. Hypogonadism can occur through a number of different methods. The use of the term hypogonadotropic relates to the fact that the hypogonadism found in HH is caused by a disruption in the production of the gonadotropin hormones normally released by the anterior pituitary gland known as luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH).LH and FSH have a direct action on the ovaries in women and testes in men. The absence of LH and FSH means that initially puberty will not commence at the correct time and subsequently the ovaries and testes will not perform their normal fertility function with the maturation and release of eggs in woman and the production of sperm in men alongside their role in producing the sex hormones.The underlying cause of the failure in production of LH and FSH is the impairment of the hypothalamus to release the hormone GnRH which in normal circumstances induces the production of LH and FSH. Without the correct release of GnRH the pituitary gland is unable to release LH and FSH which in turn prevents the ovaries and testes from functioning correctly. This failure in GnRH production can either be due to the absence of the GnRH releasing neurones inside the hypothalamus or the inability of the hypothalamus to release GnRH in the correct pulsatile manner to ensure LH and FSH release from the pituitary.HH can occur as an isolated condition with just the LH and FSH production being affected or it can occur in combined pituitary deficiency conditions such as CHARGE syndrome.To date at least twenty five different genes have so far been implicated in causing Kallmann syndrome or other forms of HH through a disruption in the production or activity of GnRH. The genes involved cover all forms of inheritance and no one gene defect has been shown to be common to all cases which makes genetic testing and inheritance prediction very problematic.Kallmann syndrome was described in a paper published in 1944 by Franz Josef Kallmann, a German-American geneticist.The link between anosmia and hypogonadism had already been noted however, in particular by the Spanish doctor Aureliano Maestre de San Juan in 1856.The condition is sometimes known by his name in Spanish speaking countries.The condition has a low prevalence, estimated at 1 in 4,000 for male HH cases overall and 1:50,000 for Kallmann syndrome. It is three to five times more common in males than females. Though whether this is a true gender imbalance or a reflection on how difficult KS / HH is to diagnose correctly in males and females has yet to be fully established.