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Transcript
Name: ___________________________________________________________________ Date: _____________________ Period: ________ VOCABULARY TERMS Topics: Earthquakes # 1 Vocabulary Term Modeling (scientific) Definition Scientific modeling is a scientific activity that aims to make a particular part or feature of the real world easier to understand or simulate. 2 Earthquake Vibrations caused by the rupture and sudden movement of rocks along a plate boundary or fault in Earth’s crust. 3 Model (scientific) A “testable idea” created by the human mind that tells a story about what happens in nature. All models have limitations — no model can possibly explain every detail of a scientific phenomena. 4 Seismic Scientists use seismic waves to measure how big an earthquake is. They use a device called a seismograph to measure the size of the waves. The size of the waves is called the magnitude. 5 Refraction The bending of seismic or energy waves when they pass through one medium (substance) to another. 6 Particle Motion 7 Types of Earthquake Waves The movements of particles of material as specific types of waves move through a specific material. Primary Wave: Known as a “p-wave”, is a type of seismic wave that causes particles in the ground to move in a push-pull motion similar to a coiled spring. Secondary Wave: Known as a “s-wave”, is a type of seismic wave that causes particles to move in an up-down motion. Rolling Wave: Known as a “r-wave”, is a type of surface seismic wave that on the surface of the Earth moves in a rolling manner. Lateral Wave: Known as a “l-wave”, is a type of surface seismic wave that on the surface of the Earth moves in a side-to-side manner. 8 Epicenter 9 Focus The location on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus. A single location inside the Earth where seismic waves originate and rocks first move along a fault. (Hint: This is the starting point for an earthquake.) 10 Seismic Shock Wave 11 Aftershock Energy that travels as vibrations on and in Earth. They move quickly at 20 times the speed of sound. A smaller earthquake following the main shock of a large earthquake. Name: ___________________________________________________________________ Date: _____________________ Period: ________ 12 Trenches A deep “ditch” in the ocean floor formed at subduction zone due to a convergent plate boundary. It is here where earthquakes are common due to a slab-pull motion generating a lot of friction between plates. 13 Friction 14 Richter Scale 15 Mercalli Scale Friction is the resistance of motion when one object rubs against another. Anytime two objects rub against each other, they cause friction. A numerical scale for expressing the magnitude (strength) of an earthquake based on seismograph readings. This scale ranges from 0 to 10, where a 10 is the strongest reading. A scale of earthquake intensity based on human observed effects. The scale ranges from I (detectable only with instruments) to XII (causing almost total destruction). Scale is from 1-12. (Hint: Roman numeral I = 1) (Hint: Roman numeral XII = 12) 16 Seismometer An instrument that measures and records ground motion and can be used to determine the distance seismic waves travel. (This picture below shows an image of a seismograph recording) YOU DO NOT NEED TO DRAW THIS. 17 Triangulation A method used to determine exactly where the earthquake’s epicenter is located. It is called triangulation because a triangle has three sides, and it takes three seismographs (devices that detect earthquakes) to locate an earthquake. Name: ___________________________________________________________________ Date: _____________________ Period: ________