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CIVIL WAR
WJES- Mrs. Bryant 5th Grade
Georgia Standards
HISTORICAL UNDERSTANDINGS
SS5H1
Explain the
causes, major events, and
consequences of the Civil
War.
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GEORGIA STANDARDS
SS5H1a.
Identify “Uncle
Tom’s Cabin,” John Brown’s
raid on Harper’s Ferry and
explain how each of these
events were related to the
Civil War.
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UNCLE TOM’S CABIN
 In
1852, a novel written by abolitionist
Harriet Beecher Stowe made a
tremendous impact on the anti-slavery
movement in America. Uncle Tom’s
Cabin told a story about the shocking
treatment of slaves by a cruel slave
owner. It became extremely popular
and was even made into a play. This
book was related to the Civil War
because it turned many people
against slavery.
 Harriet
Cabin
Beecher Stowe & Uncle Tom's
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HARPERS FERRY, VIRGINIA
Another abolitionist named John Brown wanted to
help slaves by giving them guns to rebel against their
masters. In October 1859, Brown and a group of men
took over a government gun storage facility in
Harpers Ferry, Virginia. (It is now located in
West Virginia.) Local soldiers surrounded the area
but Brown refused to surrender. Two of his sons died
in the fighting, and Brown was wounded. Brown was
later put on trial, found guilty, and hung for his
crime. John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry was
related to the Civil War because it showed that
people were willing to use violence to stop 5
slavery.
 John Brown's Raid
 Harpers Ferry

GEORGIA STANDARDS
SS5H1b.
Discuss how the
issues of states’ rights and
slavery increased tensions
between the North and
South.
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DISAGREEMENTS DIVIDE THE COUNTRY
 As
the United States grew in the
1800s, clear differences showed up
between the North and South. The
differences were:
 Cultural-
how the people of the two
regions lived their lives
 Economic- how they earned their money
 Constitutional- how they looked at the
U.S. Constitution.
 Causes of the American Civil War
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STATES’ RIGHTS
 Two
important issues increased
tensions between North and South.
They were states’ rights and slavery.
States’ rights was a constitutional
issue. Many Southerners believed
that states should have final
authority over the federal
government. For example, if a state
did not like a law passed by the federal
government, that state did not have to
obey it.
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STATES’ RIGHTS
Northerners
believed that
the federal government had
final authority over the
states. The North believed that
the nation was a union of states
that could not be divided.
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SLAVERY
 Slavery
was a cultural and
economic issue. The South was an
agricultural society. Slaves were
used to plant and harvest the
South’s most important crop –
cotton. Northerners wanted to
abolish slavery because they felt it
was wrong. Southerners resisted,
saying that the abolition of slavery
would destroy their region’s
economy.
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GEORGIA STANDARDS
SS5H1c.
Identify major
battles and campaigns: Fort
Sumter, Gettysburg, the
Atlanta Campaign,
Sherman’s March to the Sea,
Appomattox Court House.
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THE WAR BEGINS
After
Abraham Lincoln was
elected president in 1860,
many Southern states
seceded from the Union. The
Southern states formed the
Confederate Army. Soldiers
from the North were known as
Union troops.
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FORT SUMTER
 Confederate
forces wanted to take
over Fort Sumter, South Carolina.
They began firing on the fort on April
12, 1861. The Civil War had begun!
 Union troops at Fort Sumter were low on
food and ammunition. After hundreds of
shells struck the fort and fire threatened
to cause an explosion, the Union troops
surrendered. On April 14, the Union
troops withdrew from the fort. Not a
single person was killed in the battle.
 Fort Sumter and the Civil War
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BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG
 The
Battle of Gettysburg was the
turning point in the Civil War. From
July 1 to July 3, 1863, Confederate General
Robert E. Lee fought to hold on to the small
town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The
larger Union Army overwhelmed his troops
and won the battle. Both sides experienced
terrible losses of life. This Union victory
left the South with no chance of
winning the Civil War.
 Gettysburg Address
 The Battle of Gettysburg
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THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG
 President
Lincoln visited Gettysburg in
November 1863. He made a speech at a
ceremony dedicating part of the
battlefield as a cemetery. This speech is
called the Gettysburg Address. Even
though it was less than three minutes long,
it is one of the most famous and inspiring
speeches in American history.
 Lincoln's Gettysburg Address
•
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ATLANTA CAMPAIGN
The War Moves into Georgia!
The year of 1864 brought bad times to the
South, especially Georgia. Union General
William Tecumseh Sherman’s Atlanta
Campaign brought death and destruction.
He moved his army south from
Tennessee into Atlanta, fighting
Confederate soldiers along the way. When
the Union troops finally took over
Atlanta, they set the city on fire.
Sherman's Letter- Atlanta Campaign
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
SHERMAN’S MARCH TO THE SEA
 In
November 1864, Sherman’s troops
left Atlanta. They split into two groups
and headed to Savannah on the
Atlantic coast. This journey is called
the “March to the Sea.” Along the
way, Union troops destroyed homes,
stores, crops, bridges, and railroad
tracks. Sherman was trying to crush
any fighting spirit left in the South.
 Sherman's March to the Sea
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SHERMAN’S MARCH TO THE SEA
 Sherman’s
army reached Savannah
just before Christmas. Sherman sent
President Lincoln a telegram
presenting the city as a gift. He then
headed into South Carolina and
continued his path of destruction.
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APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE
 By
April 1865, the Confederate Army was
suffering. Many soldiers were sick and
starving, and their clothes were in rags. On
April 9, General Lee surrendered the
Southern forces to Union General Ulysses
S. Grant in the town of Appomattox
Court House, Virginia. Instead of
celebrating, most soldiers on both sides
quietly returned home.
 Appomattox Court House
 Appomattox Court House Website
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GEORGIA STANDARDS
SS5H1d.
Describe the
roles of Abraham Lincoln,
Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S.
Grant, Jefferson Davis,
and Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson.
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WHEN TWO GREAT
MINDS COLLIDE
 Abraham
Lincoln and Robert E.
Lee were two men who were very
powerful in the time leading up to
and during the Civil War. These two
men represented very different
views of the nature of the United
States. With their Positions as
leaders and their differences in
opinion, conflict was bound to
happen.
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ABRAHAM LINCOLN

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As a Civil War leader, Abraham Lincoln:
Was President of the United States, elected in 1860
Opposed the spread of slavery
Issued the Emancipation Proclamation
Was determined to preserve the Union – by force, if
necessary
Believed the United States was one nation, not a
collection of independent states
Wrote the Gettysburg Address that said the Civil War,
which began in 1861, was to preserve a government
“of the people, by the people, and for the people”
John Wilkes Booth assassinated him in Ford’s
Theatre.
Abraham Lincoln
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ROBERT E. LEE
As a Civil War leader, Robert E. Lee:
 Was the leader of the Army of Northern
Virginia
 Was offered the command of the Union
forces at the beginning of the war, but
chose not to fight against Virginia
 Opposed secession, but did not believe the
Union should be held together by force
 Urged Southerners to accept defeat at the
end of the war and reunite as Americans
when some wanted to continue fighting
 Surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at
Appomattox Court House.
 Robert E. Lee
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
THINK ABOUT IT
 Robert
E. Lee was an officer in the
United States Army before the Civil
War began. He was offered the
command of the Union Army to help
end the rebellion in the South.
However, the state of Virginia seceded,
so Lee felt it was his duty to defend his
native Virginia. If Virginia had
remained a member of the Union,
do you think Robert E. Lee would
still have commanded the
Confederate Army?
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ULYSSES S. GRANT
Ulysses S. Grant was head of the Union
Army that defeated Robert E. Lee and the
Confederate Army. Many historians say that he
was the most capable of all the Union generals.
He was a master of military strategy.
President Lincoln said of Grant, “I can’t spare
this man – he fights.”
 Ulysses S. Grant

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JEFFERSON DAVIS
Jefferson Davis was president of the
Confederate States of America from 1861 –
1865. He had a strong faith in the Southern
cause and wisely appointed Robert E. Lee to
lead the Confederate Army. Unfortunately,
Davis clashed with Southern leaders and was
blamed by many of them for the Southern defeat
in the Civil War.
 Jefferson Davis
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
THOMAS “STONEWALL” JACKSON

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson was a skilled
Confederate general from Virginia. He
earned the nickname “Stonewall” during the
Battle of First Bull Run. A general saw him
bravely facing the enemy and said, “There is
Jackson, standing like a stone wall.”
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GEORGIA STANDARDS
SS5H1e.
Describe the
effects of war on the North
and South.
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THE EFFECTS OF WAR
 The
Civil War affected both the North and
South. The South experienced the
most hardships because the Civil War
battles were fought on Southern soil.
As the war wore on, many soldiers were
killed or injured on both sides, but the
Southern forces were especially hard hit.
The Confederate Army lost so many
men that young teenage boys began
to join the Army later in the war.
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THE EFFECTS OF WAR
The
loss of men was felt on both
sides. Families in both the
North and South faced
serious financial problems
due to the deaths of
husbands and fathers who
had earned the family’s
income before the war.
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EFFECTS OF WAR
 Diseases
also became a deadly
problem for both sides. For every
soldier who died of a battle wound,
two died from disease. Many soldiers
came from isolated farms where they
had not been exposed to many
diseases. In the crowded camps of
the Army, germs spread like
wildfire. Mumps, measles,
diarrhea, and smallpox struck
thousands.
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EFFECTS OF THE WAR
 By
the end of the war, much of the South
had been devastated. Railroads,
industries, homes, and farms had been
destroyed. Thousands of people had
lost everything they owned. Most of the
South faced a long rebuilding process. In
contrast, parts of the Northern
economy prospered during the war.
Farmers produced more crops to feed
the soldiers, and industries grew to
provide military supplies.
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THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR

The Civil War Review
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