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General Chemistry (I) Laboratory Introduction T his lab is designed to teach students of the college of engineering and college of sciences the basic qualitative and quantitative aspects of general chemistry. Equipment and Instruments • Analytical Balances • Ovens • Heating and Cooling Systems • Centrifuges Experiments • The Scientific Methods: Measurements and Significant Figures • Determination of the Density of Liquids and Solids • Melting Point and Boiling Point • Separation of a Mixture • Composition of Hydrated Salt • Heat of Reaction • Determination of the Gas Constant R • Molar Mass of Volatile Liquid • Qualitative Analysis of Anions • Qualitative Analysis of Cations • Paper Chromatography • Molar Mass Determination from Freezing Point Depression Tests and Services • Determining the Density of Solids & Liquids • Determining the Melting & Boiling Point • Qualitative Determination of Anions and Cations 117 General Chemistry Laboratory For Health Sciences Students Introduction T his lab is designed to teach general chemistry for the college of health sciences. The main purpose of this lab is to provide students with a strong practical basis in the principles and practices of chemistry to conduct various qualitative and quantitative experiments. Equipment and Instruments • Analytical Balances • Ovens • Heating Cabinets • Centrifuges • Heating and Cooling Systems • pH Meters • Hot Plates with Stirrers Experiments • The Scientific Methods: Measurements and Significant Figures • Determination of the Density of Liquids and Solids • Melting Point and Boiling Point • Determination of the Gas Constant R • Quantitative Yield of a Redox Reaction • Composition of Hydrated Salt • Qualitative Analysis of Anions • Qualitative Analysis of Cations • Quantitative Analysis: Acid-Base Titration • Hydrolysis • Paper Chromatography • Molar Mass from Freezing Point Depression Tests and Services • Density of Liquids and Solids Determination • Melting and Boiling Point Determination • Qualitative Determination of Anions and Cations • Acid-Base Titration 119 Organic Chemistry Laboratory for Health Sciences Students Introduction T his laboratory course is designed to teach practical organic chemistry to Health Sciences students. It covers various topics in the practical methods of separation, purification, identification and synthesis of organic compounds. Equipment and Instruments • Rotatory Evaporator • Hot-Plates with Magnetic Stirrers • Distillation System • Ovens • Analytical Balances • Melting Point Apparatus • Heating Cabinets • Heating and Cooling Systems Experiments • Purification by Recrystallization • Synthesis of Polymers • Isolation of Caffeine from Tea Leaves • Nitration of Methyl Benzoate • Synthesis of Aspirin • Oxidation of Alcohols • Identification of Alcohols and Phenols • Identification of Aldehydes and Ketones • Properties of Carboxylic Acids and Esters • Preparation and Properties of Soap • Properties of Amines and Amides • Structure in Organic Compounds Tests and Services • Separation, Purification and Identification of Organic Compounds 121 Organic Chemistry (II) Laboratory Introduction T his laboratory course is designed to teach advanced practical organic chemistry to chemistry students. This course covers various syntheses of organic compounds and basic spectroscopic techniques for the identification of organic compounds. Equipment and Instruments • Distillation Systems • Heating and Cooling Systems • Melting Point Apparatus • Spectroscopic Instruments Experiments • Synthesis of Benzilic Acid from Benzil • Auto-Oxidation and Reduction of Benzaldehyde (Cannizzaro Reaction) • Benzil from Benzoin • Diels-Alder Reaction • Grignard Synthesis of Triphenyl Methanol • Preparation of Aniline from Nitrobenzene • Synthesis of Sulfanilamide • Dibenzalacetone by Aldol Condensation • Borohydride Reaction of Benzil • Synthesis of Stilbene from Benzoin • Oleic Acid from Olive Oil • Derivatives of 1,2-Diphenylethane – a Multi-Steps Synthesis • IR and NMR Spectroscopy Tests and Services • Synthesis of Organic Compounds • Identification of Organic Compounds by Spectroscopic Techniques 123 Instrumental Analysis Laboratory Introduction T his course is designed for chemistry majors. Topics are chosen to give a range of experiments in order to provide students with a solid background in practical instrumental analysis, which includes spectroscopic, electroanalytical and chromatographic methods. Equipment and Instruments • UV-Visible Spectrophotometer • HPLC • Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy • Flame Photometry • ICP-OES • GC-FID • GC-MS • Cyclic Voltammetry Experiments • Visible Spectroscopy: “Determination of Cobalt and Chromium Ions in the Presence of Each Other • Ultraviolet Spectroscopy: “Quantitative Analysis of Aspirin Tablets” • Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy: “Determination of Metal Ions in a Mixture and Study of the Interferences Effects” • Flame Atomic Absorption: “Determination of Iron and Copper in An Unknown Sample” • Flame Emission Spectroscopy: “Determination of Sodium in an Unknown Sample” • Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: “Determination of Copper in Unknown Sample” • Electrochemistry: “Cyclic Voltammetry of Platinum in Ferro- / Ferri-Cyanide Solution” • Electrochemistry: “Anodic Stripping Voltammetry for Simultaneous Determination of Pb2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ Ions in Solution” • Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GC): “Analysis of Hydrocarbon Mixture” • Gas-Liquid Chromatography (GC): “Analysis of Alcohols Mixture” • High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): “Determination of Caffeine in Beverages” Tests and Services • Metals Determination • Characterization and Identification of Chemical Compounds Mixtures 125 General Chemistry Laboratory for Medical Sciences Students Introduction T his laboratory course is designed to teach the practical general basic and organic chemistry to medical students. This course covers various topics in the practical methods of purification, identification, chromatography, and synthesis of organic compounds. It also covers qualitative and quantitative aspects of the General Chemistry Laboratory. Equipment and Instruments • Heating and Cooling Systems • Analytical Balances • Ovens • Centrifuges • Suction Filtration • Hot Plates with Stirrers Experiments • Qualitative Analysis of Anions and Cations • Paper Chromatography • Purification by Recrystallization • Isolation of Caffeine from Tea Leaves • Synthesis of Aspirin • Oxidation of Alcohols: Preparation of Benzoic Acid • Identification of Alcohols • Identification of Aldehydes and Ketones • Quantitative Analysis: Acid-Base Titration Tests and Services • Qualitative Analysis of Anions and Cations • Acid-Base Titration 127 Physical Chemistry (II) Laboratory Introduction P hysical Chemistry (II) Laboratory introduces students to advanced laboratory skills and techniques to study chemical reactions kinetics and mechanisms. Equipment and Instruments • Analytical Balances • Ovens • Oxygen Gas Sensors • Gas Sensors • Conductometers • Viscometer • Manometer • Pressure Sensor • Temperature Sensor Experiments • Measurements, Precision and the Treatment of Experimental Data in the Physical Chemistry Laboratory • Surface Tension. Properties of Liquids • Study the Effect of Temperature on the Surface Tension of Water • Viscosity of Liquids: Low Viscosities. The Flow Times of each of (Methanol/Water) and (Toluene/P-Xylene) Solutions at 25oC • The Flow Times of P-Xylene at Different Temperatures • Viscosity of Liquids: High Viscosities. Using Falling Ball Viscometer: Measuring the Falling Times of Glycerol vs. Temperature • Determination of Collision Diameters from Gas Viscosities • Enzyme Action: Testing Catalase Activity in Different Conditions; Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hydrogen Peroxide by Peroxidase • Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hydrogen Peroxide by Peroxidase. Testing the Effect of Temperature • Kinetics and Mechanism of Heterogeneous Reaction: Oxidation of Magnesium by Hydrochloric Tests and Services • Gas and Liquid Viscosity Determination 129 • pH Value in Water • Chloride Content in Water • Sulfate Content in Water • Total Dissolved Solids in Water • pH Value of Water and Waste Water • Conductivity of Water and Waste Water • Total Dissolved Dolids in Water and Waste Water • Suspended Solids in Water and Waste Water • Total Solids in Water and Waste Water • Acidity in Water and Waste Water • Alkalinity in Water and Waste Water • Nitrate – Nitrogen in Water and Waste Water • Nitrite – Nitrogen in Water and Waste Water • Sulfate in Water and Waste Water • Chloride in Water and Waste Water • Volatile Solids in Water and Waste Water 131