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Bioorganic Chemistry Amines Chapte 16 Amines Amine Nomenclature – Amines are derivatives of Ammonia, NH3 – Classified as 1o, 2o, and 3o amines H R N H a primary amine R'' H R N R' a secondary amine (Count R groups on Nitrogen.) R N R' a tertiary amine IUPAC Nomenclature Amines are named by naming the “R” groups And adding “amine” as a suffix CH3 CH3 CH2 H2 N C CH3 CH3 t-butylamine CH3 CH2 N CH2 CH3 triethylamine CH 3 CH3 NH CH2 CH3 H2N CH methylethylamine CH 3 isopropylamine Nomenclature Aromatic amines – Aniline is parent – Substitution on N is named as a “N-alkyl” or “N,N-dialkyl” aniline HN CH3 NH 2 aniline CH3 CH2 N CH2 CH3 Br N-methylaniline meta-bromo-N,N-diethylaniline 3 Nomenclature Nomenclature – Use a “N” to locate alkyl groups – More complicated amines are use “amino” to name the N group as a substituent COOH HN CH2 CH2 CH3 Cl 2o-chloro-N-propylaniline NH 2 O CH3 CH CH2 C OH 3-aminobutanoic acid NH 2 p-aminobenzoic acid Nomenclature Heterocyclic N H N QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Amines N H N H N Pyrrole Pyrrolidine N Pyridine * Piperidine Pyrimidine* A Little Organic Fun http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAjrnZ- znkY http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPGE_ GJkLJA Physical Properties Amine Physical Properties – Boiling points slightly lower than alcohols – Hydrogen bonding H CH3 N CH2 CH3 methylethylamine » occurs with 1o and 2o amines » not possible with 3o amines – Water solubility is similar to same MW alcohols Physical Properties Amine Physical Properties – Strong odors » simple amine have an odor similar to ammonia » resemble the odor of raw fish » some diamines have especially bad odors H2C CH2 CH2 CH2 NH 2 NH 2 Putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane) H2C CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 NH 2 NH 2 N Pyridine Cadaverine (1,5-diaminopentane) Reaction of Amines Amines are BASES! – React with acids and accept a proton (H+) to Form alkyl ammonium salts H3C NH 2 + HCl methylamine CH3 CH2 NH CH2 CH3 + HCl diethylamine H3C NH 3 + Cl methylammonium chloride + CH3 CH2 NH 2 CH2 CH3 Cldiethylammonium chloride + CH3 NH CH3 Cl- CH3 N CH3 + HCl N,N-dimethylaniline N,N-dimethylanilinium chloride Reaction of Amines Amines are BASES! CH3 CH2 NH CH2 CH3 + CH 3COOH diethylamine acetic acid ? + CH3 CH2 NH 2 CH2 CH3 CH3COO diethylammonium acetate Reaction of Amines Amines are BASES! CH3 CH2 NH CH2 CH3 + CH 3COOH diethylamine acetic acid + CH3 CH2 NH 2 CH2 CH3 CH3COO diethylammonium acetate Nomenclature Nomenclature H3C NH 2 + HCl methylamine H3C NH 3 + Cl methylammonium chloride Quaternary Ammonium Salts Four alkyl groups on N – only with ammonium salts – NOT made by acidifying an amine +CH 3 H3C CH 2 N CH 2 CH 3 Br CH 3 diethyldimethylammonium bromide So……. Tell me about some Way Cool far out Amines………….. From Yahoo Images Alkaloids Nitrogen containing compounds found in roots, bark, leaves, berries, or fruit. Thousands have been extracted (in containers or by chewing) and used to produce physiological effects in humans and animals Some are deadly poisons, some cure diseases and some are addictive drugs N CH3 H O C CH O CH2OH atropine Alkaloid Example Coniine – Simple alkaloid – Very poisonous – Hemlock plant N H » Socrates (469-399 BC) Hemlock From Yahoo Images CH2CH2CH3 coniine Socrates (469-399 BC) was found guilty of corrupting the minds of the youth of Athens and sentenced to death by drinking a mixture containing poison hemlock. Alkaloid Example Nicotine – – – – Found in smoking, chewing Stimulant in small doses Habit forming Tars, CO, carcinogens present in smoke How do you know how much Nicotine is in a smoke? From Yahoo Images N N CH3 nicotine Alkaloid Example Caffeine – Stimulating action – Found in: » coffee » tea (black, green) » colas » No-Doz » chocolate (theobromine) O H3C O N C CH 3 C N N N CH 3 caffeine From Yahoo Images Alkaloid Example Atropine – Plants: » henbane » Belladonna- (deadly nightshade) From Yahoo Images – Dilate pupils of eyes » “used by Cleopatra and Roman Women to Enlarge the pupils to Look more attractive N CH3 H O C CH O CH2 OH atropine Alkaloid Example Morphine – Found in Opium Poppy – Simular compounds include Codeine, Heroin, Demerol, Methadone – Valuable pain killer – Troubled drug for abuse HO O N CH3 HO morphine From Yahoo Images Other Alkaloid Example Quinine – Cinchona bark – Used to treat Malaria Strychnine CH=CH 2 OH N HC CH3 O N quinine – Nux Vomica – rat poison Reserpine – Indian Snake Root – lowers bp Indian Snake Root from Yahoo Images Amphetamines Amphetamines – Synthetic amines – Powerful stimulants CNS » reduce fatigue » raise glucose blood level » control mild depression » reduce hyperactivity in children » appetite depressant CH2 CH CH3 NH 2 amphetamine (benzedrine)