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Question 1
Which of the following is NOT true of the parasympathetic control of
the heart?
A. It affects muscarinic receptors.
B. It decreases heart rate via the SA node.
C. It decreases conduction velocity via the AV node.
D. It can be blocked by beta blockers, e.g. propranolol.
Question 2
• Which of the following is NOT a method of Ca removal following
contraction of heart muscle?
A. Na-Ca exchange transports Ca out of the cell.
B. ATP-dependent sarcolemmal Ca pumps remove Ca from the cell.
C. Ca passively diffuses out of the cell.
D. ATP-dependent SR Ca pumps move Ca from the cytoplasm into the
SR.
Question 3
Which of the following is NOT affected by the preload in the heart
muscle?
A. End systolic volume
B. End diastolic volume
C. Stroke Volume
D. Ejection fraction.
E. Cardiac output.
Question 4
Which of the following will require the smallest increase in oxygen
consumption by the heart?
A. Generating an increase in left ventricular pressure.
B. Severe hypertension.
C. Generating an increase in stroke volume.
D. Aortic stenosis
Question 5
Which of the following pairs is INCORRECT concerning arteriolar tone?
A. Myogenic control: vascular smooth muscle responds to changes in
pressure.
B. Metabolic control: accumulation of waste products stimulates
vasoconstriction.
C. Neural control: vasoconstriction activated by sympathetic nerves.
D. Hormonal control: catecholamines affect the adrenergic receptors of
the vascular smooth muscle.
Question 6
Which pair is INCORRECT concerning the microcirculation at the
capillary level?
A. Tight junctions: brain
B. Gaps large enough to exchange plasma proteins: kidneys
C. Intercellular junctions / pores: exchange of water and lipid-insoluble
substances.
D. Pinocytosis: cytoplasmic vesicles exchanging fluid and solutes.
E. Intracellular fenestrations: exchange of large molecules.
Question 7
If a patient is suffering from swollen hands, feet, and face, all of the
following could be a cause, except?
A. Large decrease in arterial blood pressure.
B. Lymphatic blockage.
C. A decrease in plasma proteins.
D. Increase in capillary permeability to proteins.
E. Vasodilation.
Question 8
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism to promote venous return
and reduce blood pooling?
A. One way venous valves.
B. Parasympathetic stimulation.
C. Skeletal muscle pump.
D. Thoraco-abdominal pump
E. Pumping of the heart.
Question 9
• Which of the following would NOT occur following a major blood loss?
A. Vagal tone to the SA node would be decreased which would then
increase the heart rate.
B. An increase in sympathetic output in arterioles would increase the total
peripheral resistance, except in the brain and heart.
C. Sympathetic output to the atria and ventricles would increase resulting
in an increase in stroke volume.
D. Sympathetic output to the veins would increase, resulting in increased
venous pressure, venous return, and cardiac output.
E. Stroke volume would increase while heart rate decreased. Together this
would increase the cardiac output.
Question 10
Hearts in patients with transplanted hearts
a.have normal autonomic nervous system control
b.respond to the needs of the body without neurogenic regulation
c.heart rate does not increase after exercise
d.heart rate does not decrease at rest
Question 11
Exercise affects Cardiac Output by
a.increasing venous return to the heart
b.increasing muscle metabolism and vasoconstriction
c.activating parasympathetic NS
Question 12
During exercise, blood flow to skeletal muscles increases because of
which of the following factors?
a. circulating epinephrine dilates skeletal muscle blood vessels
b. activity of parasympathetic nerve fibers to the heart increases
c. resistance of the veins and venules decreases
d. total peripheral resistance increases
e. all of the above
Question 13
With very severe exercise, you would expect which of the following to
occur?
a. heart rate continues to rise
b. stroke volume reaches a maximum and may decrease
c. decrease in CO2 levels
d. pH usually increases
e. decrease in lactic acid production
Question 14
Which of the following statements about exercise is INCORRECT?
a. the vasodilation in active muscles causes the decrease in total
peripheral resistance seen in exercise.
b. Blood volume actually declines due to fluid losses
c. The increase in mean arterial pressure is due to an increase in cardiac
output
d. The myogenic hypothesis accounts for the vascular effects seen in
skeletal muscle during exercise
e. Changes in arterial pressure parallel the severity of exercise
Question 15
All of the following will help the heart to compensate for the reduction
in contractility that occurs during heart failure EXCEPT an increase in:
a. retention of fluid by the kidney
b. ventricular wall thickness
c. sympathetic nerve discharge
d. end-diastolic volume
e. total peripheral resistance
Question 16
Patients who have received cardiac transplants are able to increase
cardiac output during exercise for which of the following reasons?
a. heart rate is increased by sympathetic stimulation
b. ventricular end diastolic pressure is decreased
c. increased venous return results in increased stroke volume
d. length of systole is shortened following transplantation
e. none of the above
Question 17
Epinephrine causes all of the following EXCEPT:
a. vasoconstriction
b. decreases cardiac force of contraction
c. dilates skeletal muscle blood vessels during exercise
d. increases in heart
Question 18
Diffusion will decrease if there is an increase in
a. Thickness of the membrane
b. Surface area
c. Concentration of the molecule in blood compared to interstitial fluid
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
Question 19
Lymph flow is increased by all of the following EXCEPT:
a. elevated capillary hydrostatic pressure
b. elevated plasma protein concentration
c. elevated interstitial fluid protein concentration
d. histamine
e. exercise
Question 20
Edema results from a decrease in:
a. filtration
b. interstitial oncotic pressure
c. plasma oncotic pressure
d. capillary permeability
Question 21
Capillary hydrostatic pressure is increased by:
a. decrease in venous pressure
b. decrease in arterial pressure
c. increased arterial resistance
d. increased venous resistance
Question 22
Which of the following are correct concerning the driving forces for
filtration?
a. capillary hydrostatic pressure is directly proportional to arterial
resistance
b. capillary hydrostatic pressure generally decreases along the length
of the capillary
c. interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure is decreased in edema
d. capillary oncotic pressure is primarily determined by venous
pressures
e. interstitial colloid osmotic pressure is a force that favors
absorption