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Civil War Battles
January 13, 2017
Describe the advantages and
disadvantages of both the Union
and the Confederacy at the
outset of the Civil War.
Agenda:
1. Bell Ringer / Attendance
2. Review Causes of Civil War
3. Civil War Battles
Union (N): The Anaconda Plan
• Used a naval blockade of the Confederate
coastline to stop any military and commercial
shipments to the Confederacy.
– Blockade the coast of the South to
prevent the export of cotton, tobacco, and
other cash crops from the South and to
keep them from importing much needed
war supplies.
– Divide the South by controlling the
Mississippi River to cut the South off from
the west.
– Divide the South by capturing the
Tennessee River Valley and marching
through Georgia to the coast.
– Capture Richmond, Virginia, the capital of
the Confederate States of America.
Confederacy (S): The King Cotton Plan
• Cotton exports would make
an independent
Confederate States of
America economically
prosperous
– Would ruin the textile
industry of New England
– Would force Great Britain
and France to support the
Confederacy in the Civil
War
• Defend their territory
• Wait out the North
– Didn’t have full support.
Would soon tire.
Quick Facts: Attack on Fort Sumter
• Date: April 12, 1861
• Location: Charleston, SC
• Generals:
– Union: Major Robert Anderson
– Confederacy: P. G. T. Beauregard
• Main Events:
– S. Carolina Confederate troops attacked Union troops
resupplying the federal fort.
• Outcome:
– Anderson’s troops surrender after 24+ hours
– No causalities during the attack
Union Response: Lincoln Calls Out the Militia
• President Lincoln asks states for
militiamen to put down the uprising
• In the upper South, state leaders
refuse request
• Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee,
Arkansas join Confederacy
• Volunteers rush to enlist in both
North and South
• Confederate capital is moved to
Richmond, Virginia in May 1861
• Robert E. Lee becomes commanding
general of Northern Virginia
North Carolina Secedes
• NC refused to send troops that would be
used to fight their neighbors
• Were outraged that Lincoln used the army
against the Confederate States of America
(Ft. Sumter) which they did not believe he
would do.
• On May 20, 1861 the General Assembly
hosted a convention in Raleigh where they
passed the secession ordinance.
• North Carolina had now joined the other
Southern states in a rebellion against the
Union even though only months before the
state had been overwhelmingly pro-Union.
Battle of Bull Run
• 7/21/1861
• Generals
Union- McDowell
Confederacy- Beauregard & Jackson
• The inexperienced armies clashed along a
river in VA
• Both sides realize the war will be long and
tough
• Confederacy Wins
Battle of the Monitor and Merrimack
• Most important naval battle of the
American Civil War from the standpoint of
the development of navies
• March 8–9, 1862, in Hampton Roads, a
roadstead in Virginia where the Elizabeth
and Nansemond Rivers meet the James
River just before it enters Chesapeake Bay.
• The battle was a part of the effort of the
Confederacy to break the Union blockade,
which had cut off Virginia's largest cities,
Norfolk and Richmond, from international
trade.
• Was the first meeting in combat of
ironclad warships
• Overall result was a draw, but the USS
Monitor became a prototype of modern
warship.
Shiloh
• April 6–7, 1862, in southwestern
Tennessee
• Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant (U) had
moved via the Tennessee River
• Generals Albert Sidney Johnston and P.
G. T. Beauregard (C) launched a
surprise attack on Union troops.
• The Confederates achieved
considerable success on the first day,
but were ultimately defeated on the
second day when Union reinforcements
arrive.
• 20,000 causalities
Quick Facts: Battle of Shiloh
• Date: April 6–7, 1862
• Location: Southwestern Tennessee
• Generals:
– Union: Ulysses S. Grant
– Confederacy: Albert Johnston and Beauregard
• Main Events:
– CSA forces launched a surprise attack on Grant.
– Confederates achieved considerable success on the first day, but
were ultimately defeated on the second day.
• Outcome:
– Union victory
– 20,000 casualities (huge number!)
Antietam
• 9/17/1862
• McClellan (87,000) vs. Lee (45,000)
• Lee trying to invade Maryland to loop
around to Washington D.C.
• Bloodiest day in American history
• No winners but Lee retreats
• McClellan doesn’t follow !?!
Bell Ringer
• Work on battle chart
The Emancipation Proclamation
• After the Battle of
Antietam, President Lincoln
decides it is the right time
to issue the Emancipation
Proclamation.
• Though it freed only the
slaves in the Southern
states, it kept England and
France out of the war.
• This was now a war over
slavery.
Lincoln Fires McClellan
More Generals, Same Problem
•
•
•
•
•
•
Gen McDowell fired
Gen McClellan fired
Gen Burnside fired
Gen Hooker fired
Gen Meade fired (sort of)
"Thus, often, I, who am
not a specially brave
man, have had to sustain
the sinking courage of
these professional
fighters in critical times."
Quick Facts: Battle of Fredericksburg
• Date: December 11-15, 1862
• Location: Fredericksburg, Virginia
• Generals:
– Union: Ambrose E. Burnside
– Confederacy: Robert E. Lee
• Outcome:
– Huge loss of life
– Confederate victory
Quick Facts: Battle of Chancellorsville
• Date: April 30 – May 6, 1863
• Location: Spotsylvania County, Virginia
• Generals:
– Union: Joseph Hooker
– Confederacy: Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson
• Outcome:
– Confederate victory
– Stonewall Jackson died
Gettysburg
• July 1-3, 1863
• Lee invading the North again (Penn)
• Generals
– Confederate-Lee
– Union- Meade
•
•
•
•
46,000 casualties in total (!?!)
Lee forced to retreat
Considered turning point in war
Not followed by Union
– (sigh) surprise, surprise
Gen Ulysses S. Grant
•
•
•
•
•
•
Born Hiram Ulysses Grant
Temporarily removed from command
…likes the drink…the alcoholic ones…
But he fights
…And wins!!!
Lincoln has found his man to head the army
Ulysses S. Grant
Vicksburg
• Ends July 4, 1863
• Union- Grant
• The city was under
siege for six weeks
• Union wins and
controls the
Mississippi River
Atlanta
• 9/2 1864
• Union – Sherman
• Sherman takes Atlanta
and burns it to the
ground
• It started Sherman’s
“March to the Sea”
Bentonville
• 3/19-21/1865
• Union-Sherman, Confederate- Joseph
Johnston
• Confederates tried to prevent Sherman’s
forces from destroying the WilmingtonWeldon Railroad
• Union wins