Download Biosafety - UNM Biology

(BIO)SAFETY
Coen Adema, Parasitology, Comparative Immunology
Co-chair Institutional Biosafety Committee UNM
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SAFETY
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Biosafety and Risk Groups
• Biosafety is the development and implementation of
administrative policies, work practices, facility design, and
safety equipment to prevent transmission of biologic agents
to workers, other persons, and the environment.
• The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended an
agent risk group classification for laboratory use that
describes four general risk groups based on these principal
characteristics and the route of transmission of the natural
disease.
• The NIH Guidelines for Research involving Recombinant DNA
Molecules established a comparable classification and
assigned human etiological agents into four risk groups on the
basis of hazard.
Risk Groups and Biosafety Levels
• A risk assessment will determine the degree of correlation
between an agent’s risk group classification and biosafety level.
• Biosafety Levels (BSL) consist of combinations of laboratory
practices and techniques, safety equipment, and laboratory
facilities.
– The CDC publication Biosafety in Microbiological and
Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL) has ranked four different
biosafety levels based on risk, BSL-1 through BSL-4 (highest)
CLASSIFICATION OF INFECTIOUS MICROORGANISMS
BY RISK GROUP
RISK GROUP
CLASSIFICATION
NIH GUIDELINES FOR
RESEARCH
INVOLVING
RECOMBINANT DNA
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
LABORATORY BIOSAFETY MANUAL
Risk Group 1
Agents that are not
associated with
disease in healthy adult
humans.
(No or low individual and community risk) A
microorganism that is unlikely to cause human
or animal disease.
Risk Group 2
Agents that are
associated with human
disease which is rarely
serious and for
which preventive or
therapeutic
interventions are often
available.
(Moderate individual risk; low community risk)
A pathogen that can cause human or animal
disease but is unlikely to be a serious hazard to
laboratory workers, the community, livestock
or the environment. Laboratory exposures may
cause serious infection, but effective
treatment and preventive measures are
available and the risk of spread of infection is
limited.
CLASSIFICATION OF INFECTIOUS MICROORGANISMS
BY RISK GROUP
RISK GROUP
CLASSIFICATION
NIH GUIDELINES FOR
RESEARCH
INVOLVING RECOMBINANT
DNA
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
LABORATORY BIOSAFETY MANUAL
Risk Group 3
Agents that are associated
with serious or lethal human
disease for which preventive
or therapeutic interventions
may be available (high
individual risk but low
community risk).
(High individual risk; low community risk)
A pathogen that usually causes serious
human or animal disease but does not
ordinarily spread from one infected
individual to another. Effective treatment
and preventive measures are available.
Risk Group 4
Agents that are likely to cause
serious or lethal human
disease for which
preventive or therapeutic
interventions are not usually
available (high individual risk
and high community risk).
(High individual and community risk)
A pathogen that usually causes serious
human or animal disease and that can be
readily transmitted from one individual
to another, directly or indirectly. Effective
treatment and preventive measures are
not usually available.
BE SAFE
• Your ADVISOR is responsible for safety and
safety training
• Non-compliance can be costly to UNM
and to health (you, coworkers, community)
• KNOW YOUR RESEARCH/USE COMMON SENSE
Biosafety Level 1
• is suitable for work involving well-characterized
agents not known to consistently cause disease in
immunocompetent adult humans, and present
minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel
and the environment.
– Agents (e.g. E-coli K-12 strains, Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
Neurospora crassa, rodent cell lines not containing
microorganisms)
Routes of Disease Transmission
Contact
• mucous membrane (mouth,
nose, etc.)
• eyes
• skin abrasions/cuts
• parenteral (needlesticks)
• fomites - contaminated
environmental surfaces
Ingestion
• contaminated food or drink
Aerosol
•inhalation in lungs
•Intranasal
Standard Microbiological Practices
•
•
•
•
Restrictive access to lab
• Authorized personnel only
• Principal Investigator / Supervisor:
• controls lab access
• Ensures compliance with institutional
policies and procedures
• Ensures personnel have been advised of
hazards and received appropriate safety
training
Hand washing
• Soap and water for 15 seconds
• After working with hazardous materials
• Before leaving the lab
No eating, drinking or food storage in lab
• Use break rooms
• Common areas
No mouth pipetting
• Use mechanical pipetting devices
Standard Microbiological Practices
•
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to be used
for laboratory procedures
– Lab coats (consider hydrophobic)
• Remove before leaving lab area
• Don’t launder at home
– Eye and face protection (goggles, mask, face
shield or other splatter guard)
• When working outside the Biological
Safety Cabinet (BSC)
• Decontaminate before reuse
– Use an appropriate disinfectant
– No shorts or sandals
Standard Microbiological Practices
• Handle sharps safely (needles / syringes, scalpel
blades, glass pipettes, slides, etc.)
• Avoid manipulating needles after use
• No Bending
• No Shearing
• No Breaking
• No Recapping
• Place used needles and syringes in sharps
containers consistent with 29 CFR 1910.1030
(OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard)
• Closable
• Puncture resistant
• Leak proof on sides and bottom
• Red container / fluorescent orange or
orange-red BioHaz label
Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC)
• The IBC is a safety committee that reviews
recombinant DNA (rDNA) and Risk Group 2 and
higher biological research at UNM.
• The IBC has expertise with rDNA technology,
microbiology, biological and animal containment,
biosafety / general safety, public health,
epidemiology, veterinary medicine and occupational
medicine.
IBC Covered Research
• rDNA manipulations in living cells (human, vertebrate
& Risk Group 2-4 microbes) in vivo and in vitro.
• (Microbial) pathogens of humans of Risk Group 2-4
• Select Microbial Agents & Biotoxins that are listed as potential
bioterrorism agents
• USDA restricted (microbial) pathogens of domestic animals
and plant crops
• Xenotransplants to humans or Human Gene Transfer /
Therapy trials
• Non exempt experiments covered under the NIH Guideline