Download Endocrine Review Sheet

Intensive Biology
Chapter 26: Endocrine System
(Chapter 27: Reproductive)
Review Questions
26.1 Chemical signals coordinate body functions
1. What are two regulatory chemicals the body uses? Compare and contrast the two chemicals.
2. What are the three types of “communicating” cells? What regulatory chemicals are used?
26.2 Hormones affect target cells
1. What are the two different types of hormones? What are the two main hormone signaling
mechanisms? Describe each mechanism.
26.3 Overview of Endocrine System
1. Be familiar with the following hormones:
Oxytocin, PRL, FSH, LH, ACTH, ADH, Glucocorticoid, Mineralcoricoid, Epinephrine,
Norepinephrine, Insulin, Glucagon, Estrogens, Progesterone, Calcitonin, Parathyroid
Hormone
26.4 Hypothalamus
1. Why is the hypothalamus considered to be the control center? What kinds of hormones does
it secrete?
2. What is the target cell for the hypothalamus? What are the roles of these target cells in
return?
26.5 Thyroid
1. Explain the negative feedback mechanism using the production of thyroxine. What happens
when the feedback doesn’t work? What is hypo / hyperthyroidism?
26.6 and 26.7 Thyroid / Parathyroid and Insulin / Glucagon
1. Why are calcitonin and PTH said to be antagonistic hormones? Explain the feedback
mechanisms involved in maintaining the appropriate level of calcium in the blood and
interstitial fluid. Please be sure to include what hormones are involved, where they are
produced, what stimulates the production and release of these hormones, what the target
cells are and what happens as a result of the hormone being secreted.
2. Explain the negative feedback mechanisms involved in maintaining glucose homeostasis.
Please be sure to include what hormones are involved, where they are produced, what
stimulates the production and release of these hormones, what the target cells are and
what happens as a result of the hormone being secreted.
26.8 Diabetes
1. What is Type I diabetes? What are the causes, symptoms and treatments?
2. What is Type II diabetes? What are the causes, symptoms and treatments?
3. What is hypoglycemia?
26.9Adrenal Glands
1. What hormones are secreted from the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla?
2. Which hormones are involved in short term stress response and which are involved in
long term stress response? What types of responses are triggered?
Chapter 27: Reproductive System
27.5 The formation of sperm and ova requires meiosis
Spermatogenesis, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, oogenesis, primary
oocyte, secondary ooctye
1. What are the three major differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?
27.6 Menstrual Cycle
Ovarian cycle, menstrual cycle, menstruation, LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone, follicle,
corpus luteum, HCG
1. What occurs during the ovarian cycle (what are the two phases) and the menstrual cycle?
2. Which gland/organ/cell secretes FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone, and HCG?
3. Explain the level of FSH and LH before ovulation. What are the target cells for FHS and
LH?
4. What releases estrogen? What type of feedback does estrogen exert on the pituitary
gland?
5. What does estrogen do?
6. What triggers a peak in estrogen level? What does this trigger?
7. How is the corpus luteum formed? What hormones does it release and what do the
hormones do?
8. What type of feedback do the two hormones estrogen and progesterone have on the
pituitary gland hypothalamus? What happens as a result?
9. What happens during pregnancy? Does bleeding occur? Why or why not?