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Introduction to Energy What is a “Natural Resource”? All of the Earth’s organisms, air, water, and soil, as well as materials such as oil, coal, and ore that are removed from the ground. Separated into two broad categories: ◦ Renewable resources ◦ Nonrenewable resources NYS Natural Resources Timber (3 million acres of forest) Freshwater (7,600 lakes & 70,000 miles of rivers) Natural Gas and Oil (14,000 active wells) Minerals (Over 2,000 active mines for salt, garnet, gypsum, talc, zinc, and wollastonite for use in sandpaper, wallboard, paint pigment, ceramics, brick, glass and industrial abrasives.) Sand and Gravel (Almost 90 percent of mining in NY involves the excavation of sand, gravel, and limestone for use in concrete, blacktop, roadfill, and construction projects.) Renewable Resource Any resource that is continually cycled (such as wind or water movement) Any resource can be replaced within a human life span. Solar Wind and Water Geothermal Biomass Fuels Nonrenewable Resource Any resource that cannot be replaced during a human life span. Took millions of years to form and exist in fixed amounts in the Earth. They need to be conserved before they become depleted Fossil Fuels (Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas) Nuclear (Nuclear Fission) Renewable Resources Nonrenewable Resources Biomass (4.54%) Petroleum (34.67%) Hydropower (3.26%) Natural Gas (25.57%) Wind (1.20%) Coal (20.22%) Geothermal (0.23%) Uranium (8.50%) Solar (0.16%) Propane (1.64%) Sources of Energy What is Energy? Energy is the ability to produce change or do work ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Energy produces light Energy produces heat Energy produces motion Energy produces sound Energy produces growth Energy produces technology Potential Energy This is energy that is stored or based on the position of something, as well as gravitational energy. ◦ Chemical Energy ◦ Stored Mechanical Energy ◦ Nuclear Energy ◦ Gravitational Energy Kinetic Energy This is the energy of motion such as the motion of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules, substances, and objects ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Electrical Energy Radiant Energy Thermal Energy Motion Energy Sound Energy Two Categories of Energy Potential Energy Chemical Energy: stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules. Stored in biomass and petroleum. Breaking down these bonds is how your body turns food into energy. Potential Energy Stored Mechanical Energy: stored in objects by the application of force Compressed springs Stretched Rubber Band Potential Energy Nuclear Energy: energy stored in the nucleus of an atom Fusion: energy released two atoms are combined together (The Sun) Fission: energy released when an atom is split (Nuclear Power Plants) Potential Energy Gravitational Energy: the energy of position or placement A rock perched on top of a hill Water in a reservoir behind a dam Kinetic Energy Electrical Energy: movement of electron Electrons moving through a wire Lightning Kinetic Energy Radiant Energy: electromagnetic energy that travels in waves Visible light, infrared, x-ray, radio waves, etc Solar energy Kinetic Energy Thermal Energy: the vibration and movement of atoms within a substance (heat) The faster the molecules vibrate, the more heat is generated Kinetic Energy Motion Energy: the movement of objects from one place to another Wind energy Baseball hit at man’s face Kinetic Energy Sound Energy: movement of energy through substances in longitudinal waves Sound causes objects to vibrate Conservation of Energy Law of Conservation of Energy: energy is neither created or destroyed When we use energy we simply change its form. Energy Efficiency Energy Efficiency: how much energy you can get out of a system Most energy transformations are not efficient Light bulbs are only 10% efficient Energy Efficiency by Country Energy Efficiency by Country Who uses energy? Industrial Sector – 31.44% Transportation – 27.83% Residential – 22.22% Commercial – 18.52% Who uses energy? 2013 2014 Industrial Sector – 31.44% 21.72% Transportation – 27.83% 27.43% Residential – 22.22% 7.23% 18.52% 4.39% 39.23% Commercial – Electric Power World Energy Consumption