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Characteristic flora and
fauna in the
Świętokrzyskie region
Świętokrzyskie region is an administrative unit in the
southern part of central Poland. The region includes an
area of 11 710,50 km²and it is the only place in Poland
where you can find all the basic tree species. Thanks to
this biodiversity our local forests are really beautiful.
Their surface take up to 328100 ha. They play a key
role in the structure of nature and they fulfill various
and useful functions, e.g: protective (forests give
protection to animals), economic (they provide raw
materials for many branches of industry), cultural and
social ( bigger public interest in environment
protection).
In the forests of Świętokrzyskie region there are
many popular and rare species of flora and fauna.
The red squirrel
The common toad
The shield-fern
The house sparrow
The European silver fir
 The European badger
 The European tree frog
 The common European viper
 The black alder
 The ural owl
 The hermit beetle
Red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris)
This mammal belongs to rodents and
it lives in forest areas of Europe.
This nice animal is about 25 cm long
and has a characteristic twenty –
cenimetre fluffy tail. Squirrels
weigh up to 0,3 kilos and they can be
red, grey or dark brown with white
colour underneath. There are funny
long hair brushes on their ears. In
the autumn squirrels prepare for
winter by collecting a lot of food
under the tree roots or in hollows.
They do not fall asleep for winter
but they are not very active then.
We can meet squirrels almost
everywhere in Poland but we have to
remember that they are a protected
species.
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Common toad (Bufo bufo)
This is a species of
amphibian, the biggest
toad living in Poland. Its
body is stocky and
massive. It has wide
mouth and rough skin due
to the numerous warts.
The back of its body is
brown in various shades
while the belly is always
brighter, grey and covered
with stains. In this species
the sexual dimorphism in
size is clearly marked.
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A male is about 48 to 97 mm long
while a female is definitely bigger
and reaches a length of 61 to 125
mm.
The shield-fern (Polistichum aculeatum)
This is a species of
perennial plants. It lives
mainly in mountainous
areas. It is a plant with
evergreen, leathery, stiff
leaves, reaching a length
of 100 m. They taper
towards the top. The
circular piles of
sporangium are located
on the underside of the
leaves.
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Germs have a dark brown colour and after
maturation they are thrown by drying and
cracking the wall of the sporangium.
The house sparrow (Passer domesticus)
The house Sparrow is a
bird of the sparrow
family Passeridae, found
in most parts of the
world. It is a small bird.
It has a typical length of
16 cm and a mass of 2439,5 grams. Females and
young birds are coloured
pale brown, and grey.
Males have brighter
black, white, and brown House Sparrows are strongly associated
with human habitations, and can live in
markings.
urban or rural settings. This is one of the
most popular species in our region.
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The European silver fir (Abies alba)
A spieces of a tree from
pinaceae family. It is a fir
native to the mountains of
Europe. This large evergreen
coniferous tree grows to 40- 50
metres high. The largest
measured tree was 68 m tall and
had a trunk diameter of 3.8
metres. The leaves are needlelike, flattened, 2-3cm long.
Green cones of fir are
ofcylindrical shape and can be 15
cm long, and 3 to 5 cm wide.
They stand on branches. They
turn brown during their ripening
time. Abies alba is sensitive to
low temperatures and air
pollution.
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The European badger (Males males)
This mammal belongs to the
weasel family. It is the biggest
Polish representative of the
family and lives in the forests
from Europe to Japan. Its body
is more than 80 cm long and its
tail up to 20 cm. Badgers weigh
up to 20 kilos. They are of
heavy built with massive head,
strong jaws, small eyes and
ears, short limbs and strong,
powerful claws. Badgers have
long hair which is generally
grey. Limbs and belly are brown
while day spends in burrows made by
and black, head is white and
itself. It is omnivorous. In winter it
there are also two black stripes
falls into a kind of light sleep. In
running through the eyes.
Poland it is allowed to hunt for
Badger is active at night,
badgers.
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The European tree frog (Hyla arborea)
This is a species of an
amphibian which is the
only European amphibian
living on the trees. It is
about 5 cm long. Its colour
depends on the
environment where it lives
- it is generally green,
grey, brown or yellow. The
sides of the body have
characeristic dark stripes.
Eyes are big and
protruding. They climb
trees thanks to special
adhesive disc on their
fingertips.
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The common European viper (Vipera berus)
This is a species of a
venomous snake which
belongs to viper family.
It can be brown, silvery
grey, yellowish, olive
green or coppery red. At
the back it usually has a
zigzag pattern, but this
is not always visible. The
pupils (part of the eye)
are vertical, the head is
flat, triangular and
clearly separated from
the body.
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The reptile’s body can be from 90 to
120 cm long and it weighs about 0,17
kg. The pattern on its head resembles
letters X, Y or V.
The black alder (Alnus glutinosa)
The black alder is a species of tree in
the family Betulaceae . It is native to
most of Europe, southwest Asia and
northern Africa. It thrives in wet
locations. It is a medium size, shortlived tree growing to a height of up to
30 metres. The buds are purplish
brown and have short stalks. The tree
has short-stalked rounded leaves and
separate male and female flowers.
They are in the form of catkins. Its
natural hubitat is in moist ground near
rivers, ponds and lakes. The common
alder provides food and shelter to a
number of insects, lichens and fungi
being completely dependent on the
tree.
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The ural owl (Strix uralensis)
The ural owl is smaller than the great
grey owl, and much larger than tawny
owl. It has a relatively long tail with a
wedge-shaped tip. Its wings are
rounded. It has a round head and small
black eyes. Their length can range
from 50 to 62 cm and the wing length
can be from 267-400mm. They weigh
from 500 to 1300g. Females are
heavier than males. The Ural Owl is
active mainly at night, with peaks at
dusk andjust before dawn. They are
normally not shy, and can often be
approached quite closely. During the
breeding season they can become quite
agressive near the nest. The young
leave the nest after about four weeks.
There are a few Ural Owls in our
region and they are protected.
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The hermit beetle (Osmoderm eremita)
It is a species of European
beetle from the Cetoniidae
family. It is found in western
Europe, from southern Sweden
to northern Spain. Adult
beetle is between 28 and 32
mm long. The number of this
species has decreased.
Therefore, it is in the Red
Lists of many European
countries, generally as
endangered. The species is also
highly protected in Poland. You
can found it everywhere in our
region.
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There are a lot of wonders in our region and
among them we have such wild species like Ural
Owl or Badger badger. Recently we have noticed
that the number of plants and animals is
decreasing. The only thing we can do is to make
such presentations and show how important it is
to protect the environment. We must fight for
the future of our nature. Together we can
protect the species and their habitats.
Thank you for your
attention
Bibliography
Bibliography
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http://www.swietokrzyskipn.org.pl/przyroda/zwierzeta/kregowce/plazy/
http://www.swietokrzyskipn.org.pl/przyroda/zwierzeta/kregowce/gady/
http://www.swietokrzyskipn.org.pl/przyroda/zwierzeta/kregowce/ssaki/
http://www.swietokrzyskipn.org.pl/przyroda/zwierzeta/kregowce/ptaki/
http://www.swietokrzyskipn.org.pl/przyroda/zwierzeta/bezkregowce/
http://www.swietokrzyskipn.org.pl/przyroda/rosliny/drzewa_i_krzewy/
https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachnica_d%C4%99bowa
Pracę wykonały:
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Agnieszka Kaczyńska II b
Aleksandra Kuleta II a
Natalia Krzepecka II b
Uczennice Gimnazjum nr1 im. Kacpra Fodygi w Chęcinach