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M.S.P Medical Satellite Program By Isla Richards Age 16 Reasons for the program Sudden cardiac arrest kills tens of thousands of people across the globe every year. Many of these lives could be saved by faster recognition of the abnormal heart rhythm immediately before or at the point of arrest and quicker response from EMS. For example in 2015 the emergency services in the UK attempted to resuscitate 28,000 victims of cardiac arrest: 80% at home 20% in public places Only 8.6% of these patients survived to discharge from hospital. Often due to the time difference between the arrest and resuscitation beginning. https://www.resus.org.uk/resuscitation-guidelines/peri-arrest-arrhythmias/ Cardiac arrhythmias are relatively common in the ‘peri-arrest’ period. An arrhythmia may proceed the development of ventricular fibrillation (VF) or asystole or may develop after successful defibrillation. Arrhythmias are common in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (Heart Attack, that can often lead to cardiac arrest). How it would impact My Medical Satellite Program allow the ambulance service to know the instant a patient arrests or even before! This could dramatically improve the survival rate of cardiac arrest. by decreasing the time between arrest resuscitation and defibrillation. The Aim I aim to do this by building upon the technology of a heart rate monitor to insure the patient/user has a sinus rhythm. When the patient experiences an abnormal heart rate (arrhythmia) the monitor can detect it and alert the closest EMS resource, advise the patient and bystanders help is on the way and provide CPR instructions should the patient arrest. How it would work The monitor will transmit a GPS signal when the programmed arrhythmias are detected to trigger trilateration to pin-point the patients position on the Earth’s surface. Trilateration is calculated by the timing signals from three satellites in the Global Positioning System. Every satellite within the GPS constellation sends periodic signals (a signal that completes a pattern within a measurable time frame). The signals will be received by the GPS in the monitor allowing the satellites to calculate the distance between the monitor and themselves from the time taken between when the signal was sent and when it was received. The patients position can be calculated using three circles centred on each of the landmarks overlapping the location. This will allow the satellites to determine the location, time of day, and the speed of the patient’s movement. http://www.mio.com/technology-trilateration.htm Transmission and Delay The information can be transmitted from the satellites to the closest Ambulance service resource which again will be determined from GPS satellite data. Potentially allowing the responding resource to receive the information before the patient has even arrested! The only delay to be factored into the system is the time taken for the signal to be received from the satellites depending on the height of the geostationary satellites from the earths surface The Information Impact The information that trilateration will provide can also show the altitude of the patients position by the addition of a 4th satellite This will provide the ambulance service with the time, speed and positioning data to allow them to respond with the most appropriate resource (e.g. Helicopter, fast response car or ambulance) plus the current location of the resource, the distance to the patient, the estimated time of arrival and whether the patient is still in motion The Overall Benefit By using this system we could dramatically improve the survival rates of cardiac arrest and heart attack The system could also be developed by adding the ability of the monitor bracelet to tell the patient and bystanders the location of the nearest defibrillator. The system has infinite uses and has the potential to be of benefit to the entire population.