Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals wikipedia , lookup
On the Origin of Species wikipedia , lookup
Sexual selection wikipedia , lookup
Inclusive fitness wikipedia , lookup
Hologenome theory of evolution wikipedia , lookup
Saltation (biology) wikipedia , lookup
Theistic evolution wikipedia , lookup
Natural selection wikipedia , lookup
Natural Selection and Evolution Jean Baptiste de Lamarck—theory of acquired characteristics. Traits acquired during life that increase survival are passed on to future generations. The traits change by use or disuse. Charles Darwin in 1830’s was a naturalist on a worldwide voyage of the HMS Beagle. published a controversial book, The Origin of Species (1859). credited with the theory of evolution (over Alfred Russell Wallace). believed evolution was the result of natural selection. What led to Darwin’s theory? 1. Knowledge of Geology—Darwin read Sir Charles Lyell’s book explaining the age of the Earth and many changes through time. 2. Artificial Selection by farmers—Darwin marveled at how complex traits could intentionally be selected for. 3. Theories of Thomas Malthus—Malthus observed that humans are born faster than they die. Darwin applied this idea to plant and animal populations. He realized the significance of the large number of offspring and natural death of weaker individuals. 4. Personal observation— knew of natural (genetic) variety in all organisms and noted how slight differences in similar species help them survive. Natural selection is the “survival of the fittest.” Any variation in a trait that benefits a species will be passed on to future generations, traits that make a species weaker will not. Variations that are passed on are often called adaptations. Adaptations are any trait that enhances the survival of an organism. Adaptations are a result of natural selection. Generally the traits studied are unusual. Examples: Coloration or appearance: camouflage, warning coloration, imitation of defensive behaviors. Mimicry is common. Physical defense: poisons, thorns, stingers, etc. Escape behavior: running fast and traveling in schools or herds.